{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:09:47Z","timestamp":1788246587684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology\u2014Science Education Institute (DOST-SEI) of the Republic of the Philippines","award":["3.4-8151\/20 006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.4-8151\/20 006"]}]},{"name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","award":["3.4-8151\/20 006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.4-8151\/20 006"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD)","award":["3.4-8151\/20 006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.4-8151\/20 006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candidiasis is considered an emerging public health concern because of the occurrence of drug-resistant Candida strains and the lack of an available structurally diverse antifungal drug armamentarium. The indole alkaloid globospiramine from the anticandidal Philippine medicinal plant Voacanga globosa exhibits a variety of biological activities; however, its antifungal properties remain to be explored. In this study, we report the in vitro anticandidal activities of globospiramine against two clinically relevant Candida species (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) and the exploration of its possible target proteins using in silico methods. Thus, the colony-forming unit (CFU) viability assay revealed time- and concentration-dependent anticandidal effects of the alkaloid along with a decrease in the number of viable CFUs by almost 50% at 60 min after treatment. The results of the MIC and MFC assays indicated inhibitory and fungicidal effects of globospiramine against C. albicans (MIC = 8 \u00b5g\/mL; MFC = 8 \u00b5g\/mL) and potential fungistatic effects against C. tropicalis at lower concentrations (MIC = 4 \u00b5g\/mL; MFC &gt; 64 \u00b5g\/mL). The FAM-FLICA poly-caspase assay showed metacaspase activation in C. albicans cells at concentrations of 16 and 8 \u00b5g\/mL, which agreed well with the MIC and MFC values. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments suggested globospiramine to bind strongly with 1,3-\u03b2-glucan synthase and Als3 adhesin\u2014enzymes indirectly involved in apoptosis-driven candidal inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Globospiramine Exhibits Inhibitory and Fungicidal Effects against Candida albicans via Apoptotic Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe Anthony H.","family":"Manzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"},{"name":"UST Laboratories for Vaccine Science, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"},{"name":"Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9375-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Brogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Calderone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7972-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan Patrick G.","family":"Macabeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicanor","family":"Austriaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UST Laboratories for Vaccine Science, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espa\u00f1a Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandeputte, P., Ferrari, S., and Coste, A.T. 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