{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T21:56:00Z","timestamp":1783893360262,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Health Ministry","award":["PHRC-API 19-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC-API 19-01"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Coeur et Art\u00e8re, France","award":["PHRC-API 19-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC-API 19-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The origin of pre-existing cognitive impairment in stroke patients remains controversial, with a vascular or a degenerative hypothesis. Objective: To determine whether endothelial dysfunction is associated with pre-existing cognitive problems, lesion load and biological anomalies in stroke patients. Methods: Patients originated from the prospective STROKDEM study. The baseline cognitive state, assessed using the IQ-CODE, and risk factors for stroke were recorded at inclusion. Patients with an IQ-CODE score &gt;64 were excluded. Endothelial function was determined 72 h after stroke symptom onset by non-invasive digital measurement of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation and calculation of the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). RHI \u2264 1.67 indicated endothelial dysfunction. Different biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction were analysed in blood or plasma. All patients underwent MRI 72 h after stroke symptom onset. Results: A total of 86 patients were included (52 males; mean age 63.5 \u00b1 11.5 years). Patients with abnormal RHI have hypertension or antihypertensive treatment more often. The baseline IQ-CODE was abnormal in 33 (38.4%) patients, indicating a pre-existing cognitive problem. Baseline IQ-CODE &gt; 48 was observed in 15 patients (28.3%) with normal RHI and in 18 patients (54.6%) with abnormal RHI (p = 0.016). The RHI median was significantly lower in patients with abnormal IQ-CODE. Abnormal RHI was associated with a significantly higher median FAZEKAS score (2.5 vs. 2; p = 0.008), a significantly higher frequency of periventricular lesions (p = 0.015), more white matter lesions (p = 0.007) and a significantly higher cerebral atrophy score (p &lt; 0.001) on MRI. Vascular biomarkers significantly associated with abnormal RHI were MCP-1 (p = 0.009), MIP_1a (p = 0.042), and homocysteinemia (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: A vascular mechanism may be responsible for cognitive problems pre-existing stroke. The measurement of endothelial dysfunction after stroke could become an important element of follow-up, providing an indication of the functional and cognitive prognosis of stroke patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:33:20Z","timestamp":1718696000000},"page":"721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Endothelial Dysfunction and Pre-Existing Cognitive Disorders in Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Mendyk-Bordet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thavarak","family":"Ouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Muhr-Tailleux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Nuclear Receptor, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"P\u00e9trault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Vallez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Nuclear Receptor, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Gel\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Dondaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Labreuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Biostatistic Platform, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Deplanque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3916-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Bordet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Department of Medical Pharmacology, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70221-0","article-title":"Post-stroke dementia","volume":"4","author":"Leys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050064","article-title":"Why are stroke patients prone to develop dementia?","volume":"244","author":"Pasquier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Gu, S., Liu, X., Xie, A., and Wang, C. (2022). Association of blood amyloid beta-prtein 1-42 with post-stroke cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res. 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