{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1791261580103,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)"},{"name":"\u00abSirius\u00bb Federal Territory Scientific and technological development of the \u00abSirius\u00bb Federal Territory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the well-known X-linked genetic disorders is hemophilia, which could be hemophilia A as a result of a mutation in the F8 (factor VIII) gene or hemophilia B as a result of a mutation in the F9 (factor IX) gene, leading to insufficient levels of the proteins essential for blood coagulation cascade. In patients with severe hemophilia, factor VIII or factor IX activities in the blood plasma are considerably low, estimated to be less than 1%. This is responsible for spontaneous or post-traumatic bleeding episodes, or both, leading to disease complications and death. Current treatment of hemophilia relies on the prevention of bleeding, which consists of expensive lifelong replacement infusion therapy of blood plasma clotting factors, their recombinant versions, or therapy with recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Recently emerged gene therapy approaches may be a potential game changer that could reshape the therapeutic outcomes of hemophilia A or B using a one-off vector in vivo delivery and aim to achieve long-term endogenous expression of factor VIII or IX. This review examines both traditional approaches to the treatment of hemophilia and modern methods, primarily focusing on gene therapy, to update knowledge in this area. Recent technological advances and gene therapeutics in the pipeline are critically reviewed and summarized. We consider gene therapy to be the most promising method as it may overcome the problems associated with more traditional treatments, such as the need for constant and expensive infusions and the presence of an immune response to the antibody drugs used to treat hemophilia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T18:17:32Z","timestamp":1721067452000},"page":"854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Recent Advances in Gene Therapy for Hemophilia: Projecting the Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Chernyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darina","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Genetics, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 105043, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mane","family":"Saruhanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4078-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezekiel S.","family":"Oloruntimehin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Karabelsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354530, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9382-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Bezsonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology and General Genetics, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 105043, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1352-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Malogolovkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354530, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-012-0209-0","article-title":"The history and evolution of the clinical effectiveness of hemophilia type a treatment: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. 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