{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:13:55Z","timestamp":1772774035243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junior Project Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia","award":["01\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has brought a significant progress in the management of cardiovascular diseases, considered clinically superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) particularly in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events. In addition, numerous advantages such as fixed dosing, lack of laboratory monitoring, and fewer food and drug-to-drug interactions make the use of NOACs superior to VKAs. While NOACs are synthetic drugs prescribed for specific conditions, nattokinase (NK) is a natural enzyme derived from food that has potential health benefits. Various experimental and clinical studies reported the positive effects of NK on the circulatory system, including the thinning of blood and the dissolution of blood clots. This enzyme showed not only fibrinolytic activity due to its ability to degrade fibrin, but also an affinity as a substrate for plasmin. Recent studies have shown that NK has additional cardioprotective effects, such as antihypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this narrative review, we presented the cardioprotective properties of two different approaches that go beyond anticoagulation: NOACs and NK. By combining evidence from basic research with clinical findings, we aim to elucidate the comparative cardioprotective efficacy of these interventions and highlight their respective roles in modern cardiovascular care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14080956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T11:33:52Z","timestamp":1723030432000},"page":"956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative Cardioprotective Effectiveness: NOACs vs. Nattokinase\u2014Bridging Basic Research to Clinical Findings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Muric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, General Hospital \u0106uprija, 35230 \u0106uprija, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Jakovljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"Vucicevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A42","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suab152","article-title":"Optimizing adherence and persistence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation","volume":"24","author":"Farinha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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