{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:04:36Z","timestamp":1788350676960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Florida Department of Health 9BC14","award":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"]}]},{"name":"Women\u2019s Leadership and Philanthropy (WLP) Dr. Kathleen Moore Faculty Excellence Award","award":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"]}]},{"name":"American Cancer Society-Moffitt Cancer Research Institute","award":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"]}]},{"name":"University of South Florida (USF) Provost\u2019s CREATE","award":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"]}]},{"name":"University of South Florida (USF)\u2014Tampa General Hospital (TGH) cancer Institute","award":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-14-189-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The liver, a pivotal organ in human metabolism, serves as a primary site for heme biosynthesis, alongside bone marrow. Maintaining precise control over heme production is paramount in healthy livers to meet high metabolic demands while averting potential toxicity from intermediate metabolites, notably protoporphyrin IX. Intriguingly, our recent research uncovers a disrupted heme biosynthesis process termed \u2018porphyrin overdrive\u2019 in cancers that fosters the accumulation of heme intermediates, potentially bolstering tumor survival. Here, we investigate heme and porphyrin metabolism in both healthy and oncogenic human livers, utilizing primary human liver transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Our investigations unveil robust gene expression patterns in heme biosynthesis in healthy livers, supporting electron transport chain (ETC) and cytochrome P450 function without intermediate accumulation. Conversely, liver cancers exhibit rewired heme biosynthesis and a massive downregulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression. Notably, despite diminished drug metabolism, gene expression analysis shows that heme supply to the ETC remains largely unaltered or even elevated with patient cancer progression, suggesting a metabolic priority shift. Liver cancers selectively accumulate intermediates, which are absent in normal tissues, implicating their role in disease advancement as inferred by expression analysis. Furthermore, our findings in genomics establish a link between the aberrant gene expression of porphyrin metabolism and inferior overall survival in aggressive cancers, indicating potential targets for clinical therapy development. We provide in vitro proof-of-concept data on targeting porphyrin overdrive with a drug synergy strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14080959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1723196934000},"page":"959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Harnessing Porphyrin Accumulation in Liver Cancer: Combining Genomic Data and Drug Targeting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3313-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swamy R.","family":"Adapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USF Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9761-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pravin","family":"Meshram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdus","family":"Sami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8982-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rays H. Y.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USF Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Arias, I., Jakoby, W., Popper, M., and Schachter, D. (1988). 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