{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1787027714343,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005971","name":"Deutsche Herzstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F\/34\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\/34\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HAIN-Diagnostica\u00ae (Germany)","award":["F\/34\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\/34\/08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent major medical and socio-economic challenges worldwide. There is substantial evidence that CVD is closely linked to inflammatory changes triggered by a complex cytokine network. In this context, interleukin 10 (IL-10) plays an important role as a pleiotropic cytokine with an anti-inflammatory capacity. In this study (a substudy of ClinTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01045070), the prognostic relevance of IL-10 levels and IL-10 haplotypes (rs1800896\/rs1800871\/rs1800872) was assessed regarding adverse cardiovascular outcomes (combined endpoint: myocardial infarction, stroke\/transient ischemic attack, cardiac death and death according to stroke) within a 10-year follow-up. Patients and methods: At baseline, 1002 in-patients with CVD were enrolled. Serum levels of IL-10 were evaluated utilizing flow cytometry (BD\u2122 Cytometric Bead Array). Haplotype analyses were carried out by polymerase chain reactions with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Results: In a survival analysis, IL-10 haplotypes were not proven to be cardiovascular prognostic factors in a 10-year follow-up (Breslow test: p = 0.423). However, a higher IL-10 level was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes (Breslow test: p = 0.047). A survival analysis considering adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) could not confirm this correlation (Cox regression: adjusted HR = 1.26, p = 0.168). Conclusion: In the present study, an elevated IL-10 level but not IL-10 haplotypes was linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes (10-year follow-up) in a cohort of CVD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14080979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T06:25:24Z","timestamp":1723271124000},"page":"979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: The Importance of Serum Levels and Haplotypes of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 10"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Navarrete Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Basic Research, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Bitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Schlitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode, 06485 Quedlinburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2711","article-title":"The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells","volume":"10","author":"Saraiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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