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Research indicates that E. granulosus releases both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Interleukin-9 (IL-9), which can potentially impair the body\u2019s innate immune defenses and compromise the liver\u2019s ability to fight against diseases. To investigate the role of TLR2 and IL-9 in liver damage caused by E. granulosus infection, samples were initially collected from individuals diagnosed with CE. Subsequently, BALB\/c mice were infected with E. granulosus at multiple time points (4 weeks, 12 weeks, 32 weeks) and the expression levels of these markers was then assessed at each of these phases. Furthermore, a BALB\/c mouse model was generated and administered anti-IL-9 antibody via intraperitoneal injection. The subsequent analysis focused on the TLR2\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and the expression of IL-9 in E. granulosus was examined. A co-culture experiment was conducted using mouse mononuclear macrophage cells (RAW264.7) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the presence of E. granulosus Protein (EgP). The findings indicated elevated levels of IL-9 and TLR2 in patients with CE, with the activation of the signaling pathway significantly increased as the duration of infection progressed. Administration of anti-IL-9 in mice reduced the activation of the TLR2\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, exacerbating liver injury. Moreover, EgP stimulates the TLR2\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, resulting in the synthesis of \u03b1-SMA and Collagen I. The data suggest that infection with E. granulosus may stimulate the production of IL-9 through the activation of the TLR2\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, which is mediated by TLR2. This activation stimulates RAW264.7 and HSCs, exacerbating liver injury and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14081007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T09:20:51Z","timestamp":1723627251000},"page":"1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association of IL-9 Cytokines with Hepatic Injury in Echinococcus granulosus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8084-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9754-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Department of Abdominal Surgery, The Third People Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayire","family":"Aizezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aili","family":"Aierken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menggen","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongdong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4491-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalibixiati","family":"Aimulajiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center Therapy Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00075-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","article-title":"Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century","volume":"32","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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