{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T09:37:01Z","timestamp":1785317821850,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Biological Resources","award":["NIBR202418101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIBR202418101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Slitrk proteins belong the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane family and share structural similarities with the Slits and tropomyosin receptor kinase families, which regulate the development of the nervous system. Slitrks are highly expressed in the developing nervous system of vertebrates, modulating neurite outgrowth and enhancing synaptogenesis; however, the expression and function of Slitrk protein members differ. Slitrk protein variations have been associated with various sensory and neuropsychiatric conditions, including myopia, deafness, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, glioma, and Tourette syndrome; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the Slitrk family members\u2019 protein expression, roles in the signaling cascade, functions, and gene mutations need to be comprehensively studied to develop therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases. This study presents complete and pertinent information demonstrating the relationship between Slitrk family proteins and neuropsychiatric illnesses. This review briefly discusses neurodevelopmental disorders, the leucine-rich repeat family, the Slitrk family, and the association of Slitrk with the neuropathology of representative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T01:48:49Z","timestamp":1724636929000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insight into the Association between Slitrk Protein and Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidhi","family":"Puranik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-090413-025600","article-title":"The Diverse Genetic Landscape of Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.05.004","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genetics to Functional Pathways","volume":"43","author":"Parenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239821281879927","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818799271","article-title":"The genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"2","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.08.009","article-title":"The genetics of neurodevelopmental disease","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9357","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524259113","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental origins of lifespan changes in brain and cognition","volume":"113","author":"Walhovd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michetti, C., Falace, A., Benfenati, F., and Fassio, A. (2022). Synaptic genes and neurodevelopmental disorders: From molecular mechanisms to developmental strategies of behavioral testing. Neurobiol. Dis., 173.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105856"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2013.22.3.133","article-title":"Neuronal autophagy and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.12.004","article-title":"CNV biology in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"48","author":"Takumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Types and Social Media: Are Social Media Important and Impactful for OCD People?","volume":"12","author":"Guazzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedley, R., Bee, P., Wearden, A., and Berry, K. (2019). Illness perceptions in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder; A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213495"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"224","article-title":"Progress on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of OCD, AD and Depression","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.08.006","article-title":"Neuropathology of developmental abnormalities","volume":"29","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00833.2018","article-title":"Synapse formation: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"121","author":"Batool","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.040","article-title":"Towards an Understanding of Synapse Formation","volume":"100","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(01)00266-4","article-title":"The leucine-rich repeat as a protein recognition motif","volume":"11","author":"Kobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866526666181208170027","article-title":"Leucine Rich Repeat Proteins: Sequences, Mutations, Structures and Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Matsushima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-012-0113-3","article-title":"The leucine-rich repeat superfamily of synaptic adhesion molecules: LRRTMs and Slitrks","volume":"34","author":"Ko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.07.004","article-title":"Control of neural circuit formation by leucine-rich repeat proteins","volume":"37","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154111","article-title":"Role of leucine-rich repeat proteins in the development and function of neural circuits","volume":"27","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluss, J.H., Bonet-Ponce, L., Lewis, P.A., and Cookson, M.R. (2022). Directing LRRK2 to membranes of the endolysosomal pathway triggers RAB phosphorylation and JIP4 recruitment. Neurobiol. Dis., 170.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105769"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8090-7_14","article-title":"Neural cell adhesion molecules belonging to the family of leucine-rich repeat proteins","volume":"8","author":"Winther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.01.018","article-title":"FLRT proteins are endogenous latrophilin ligands and regulate excitatory synapse development","volume":"73","author":"Savas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.024","article-title":"Postsynaptic TrkC and presynaptic PTP\u03c3 function as a bidirectional excitatory synaptic organizing complex","volume":"69","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hondermarck, H., Demont, Y., and Bradshaw, R.A. (2015). The TrK Receptor Family. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Family and Subfamilies, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11888-8_17"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.05.008","article-title":"The NGL family of leucinerich repeat-containing synaptic adhesion molecules","volume":"42","author":"Woo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1763","article-title":"NGL family of PSD-95-interacting adhesion molecules regulate excitatory synapse formation","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-017-0023-8","article-title":"Leucine-rich repeat-containing synaptic adhesion molecules as organizers of synaptic specificity and diversity","volume":"50","author":"Schroeder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5559","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4839-09.2010","article-title":"Selected SALM (synaptic adhesion-like molecule) family proteins regulate synapse formation","volume":"30","author":"Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.21851\/obr.37.2.201310.88","article-title":"Regulation of SLITRK1 gene by neuron restrictive silencer factor in NMB cells","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.01.001","article-title":"Slitrks as emerging candidate genes involved in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"34","author":"Proenca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00129-5","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Slitrk, a novel neuronal transmembrane protein family controlling neurite outgrowth","volume":"24","author":"Aruga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24076","article-title":"Slitrk gene duplication and expression in the developing zebrafish nervous system","volume":"243","author":"Round","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209881110","article-title":"Slitrks control excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation with LAR receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases","volume":"110","author":"Yim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.01.084","article-title":"Opposite Control of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapse Formation by Slitrk2 and Slitrk5 on Dopamine Neurons Modulates Hyperactivity Behavior","volume":"30","author":"Salesse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, H., Han, K.A., Won, S.Y., Kim, H.M., Lee, Y.-H., Ko, J., and Um, J.W. (2016). Slitrk Missense Mutations Associated with Neuropsychiatric Disorders Distinctively Impair Slitrk Trafficking and Synapse Formation. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00104"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taoufik, E., Kouroupi, G., Zygogianni, O., and Matsas, R. (2018). Synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases: An overview of induced pluripotent stem-cell-based disease models. Open Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.180138"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozomaro, U., Cai, G., Kajiwara, Y., Yoon, S., Makarov, V., Delorme, R., Betancur, C., Ruhrmann, S., Falkai, P., and Grabe, H.J. (2013). Characterization of SLITRK1 variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070376"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, H., Liu, J., Song, Q., Zhang, Q., Tian, P., and Nan, Z. (2017). Comprehensive analysis of codon usage bias in seven Epichlo\u00eb species and their peramine-coding genes. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01419"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00706.x","article-title":"Examination of the SLITRK1 gene in Caucasian patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Deng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000296833.25484.bb","article-title":"Lack of association between SLITRK1var321 and Tourette syndrome in a large family-based sample","volume":"70","author":"Scharf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31566-z","article-title":"SLITRK2 variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders impair excitatory synaptic function and cognition in mice","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerges, P., Bitar, T., Laumonnier, F., Marouillat, S., Nemer, G., Andres, C.R., and Hleihel, W. (2022). Identification of Novel Gene Variants for Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Lebanese Population Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13020186"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283060f6f","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the complete SLITRK1 gene in Austrian patients with Tourette\u2019s disorder","volume":"18","author":"Zimprich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of Rare Genetic Variants in Opioid Receptors with Tourette Syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Depienne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Mov."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.05.033","article-title":"SLITRK1 binds 14-3-3 and regulates neurite outgrowth in a phosphorylation-dependent manner","volume":"66","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001898","article-title":"SLITRK1 mutations in trichotillomania","volume":"11","author":"Zuchner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21919","article-title":"Developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved expression of SLITRK1 in brain circuits implicated in Tourette syndrome","volume":"513","author":"Stillman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaubien, F., Raja, R., Kennedy, T.E., Fournier, A.E., and Cloutier, J.F. (2016). Slitrk1 is localized to excitatory synapses and promotes their development. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27343"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30840","article-title":"Association of SLITRK1 to Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Miranda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.97","article-title":"Slitrk1-deficient mice display elevated anxiety-like behavior and noradrenergic abnormalities","volume":"15","author":"Katayama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.042","article-title":"Gene variations in PBX1, LMX1A and SLITRK1 are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its clinical features","volume":"61","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatayama, M., and Aruga, J. (2023). Developmental control of noradrenergic system by SLITRK1 and its implications in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1080739"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamagata, A., Sato, Y., Goto-Ito, S., Uemura, T., Maeda, A., Shiroshima, T., Yoshida, T., and Fukai, S. (2015). Structure of Slitrk2-PTP\u03b4 complex reveals mechanisms for splicing-dependent trans-synaptic adhesion. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09686"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2019.103465","article-title":"Identification of MAGUK scaffold proteins as intracellular binding partners of synaptic adhesion protein Slitrk2","volume":"103","author":"Loomis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, K.A., Kim, J., Kim, H., Kim, D., Lim, D., Ko, J., and Um, J.W. (2019). Slitrk2 controls excitatory synapse development via PDZ-mediated protein interactions. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53519-1"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104604","article-title":"Slitrk2 deficiency causes hyperactivity with altered vestibular function and serotonergic dysregulation","volume":"25","author":"Katayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2019.01.010","article-title":"Synaptic organizer: Slitrks and type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases","volume":"54","author":"Won","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3040","article-title":"Selective control of inhibitory synapse development by Slitrk3-PTP\u03b4 trans-synaptic interaction","volume":"15","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.10.003","article-title":"Molecular Dissection of Neuroligin 2 and Slitrk3 Reveals an Essential Framework for GABAergic Synapse Development","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efthymiou, S., Han, W., Ilyas, M., Li, J., Yu, Y., Scala, M., Malintan, N.T., Ilyas, M., Vavouraki, N., and Mankad, K. (2022). Human mutations in SLITRK3 implicated in GABAergic synapse development in mice. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.19.520993"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.02.004","article-title":"Mutant human embryonic stem cells reveal neurite and synapse formation defects in type 1 myotonic dystrophy","volume":"8","author":"Marteyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Mei, R., Ai, M., Pang, R., Xia, D., Chen, L., and Zhong, L. (2022). The Role of SliTrk5 in Central Nervous System. BioMed Res. Int., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4678026"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.04.009","article-title":"Slitrk5 Mediates BDNF-Dependent TrkB Receptor Trafficking and Signaling","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, M., Mathews, C.A., Stewart, S.E., Shmelkov, S.V., Mezey, J.G., Rodriguez-Flores, J.L., Rasmussen, S.A., Britton, J.C., Oh, Y.-S., and Walkup, J.T. (2017). Rare Synaptogenesis-Impairing Mutations in SLITRK5 Are Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169994"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2125","article-title":"Slitrk5 deficiency impairs corticostriatal circuitry and leads to obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in mice","volume":"16","author":"Shmelkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0000000000000067","article-title":"Association study of the SLITRK5 gene and Tourette syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2014.5388","article-title":"Highly Expressed Genes within Hippocampal Sector CA1: Implications for the Physiology of Memory","volume":"6","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-133X(03)00141-8","article-title":"Slitrk6 expression profile in the mouse embryo and its relationship to that of Nlrr3","volume":"3","author":"Aruga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3173","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3173","article-title":"The role of SLITRK6 in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome: From the conclusion of a family-based study in the Chinese Han population","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Y., Katayama, K.-I., Okamoto, T., Yamada, K., Takashima, N., Nagao, S., and Aruga, J. (2011). Impaired auditory-vestibular functions and behavioral abnormalities of Slitrk6-deficient mice. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016497"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katayama, K.-I., Zine, A., Ota, M., Matsumoto, Y., Inoue, T., Fritzsch, B., and Aruga, J. (2009). Disorganized innervations and neuronal loss in the inner ear of Slitrk6-deficient mice. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007786"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E95","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24361","article-title":"A homozygous SLITRK6 nonsense mutation is associated with progressive auditory neuropathy in humans","volume":"124","author":"Morlet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116502","article-title":"Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"310","author":"Abelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001848","article-title":"Functional SLITRK1 var321, varCDfs and SLC6A4 G56A variants and susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Wendland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(03)00715-7","article-title":"Human SLITRK family genes: Genomic organization and expression profiling in normal brain and brain tumor tissue","volume":"315","author":"Aruga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22160","article-title":"Differential expression of Slitrk family members in the mouse nervous system","volume":"238","author":"Beaubien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2014.10.001","article-title":"Porcine SLITRK1: Molecular cloning and characterization","volume":"4","author":"Larsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollig-Fischer, A., Bao, B., Manning, M., Dyson, G., Michelhaugh, S.K., Mittal, S., Bepler, G., and Mamdani, H. (2021). Role of novel cancer gene SLITRK3 to activate NTRK3 in squamous cell lung cancer. Mol. Biomed., 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-021-00051-2"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.1134.1134","article-title":"Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Identified SLITRK4 as a Causative Gene of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia","volume":"128","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-023-00795-9","article-title":"The SLITRK4-CNPY3 axis promotes liver metastasis of gastric cancer by enhancing the endocytosis and recycling of TrkB in tumour cells","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.05.002","article-title":"Adding evidence for a role of the SLITRK gene family in the pathogenesis of left displacement of the abomasum in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows","volume":"167","author":"Biffani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0387","article-title":"Novel candidate genes of thyroid tumourigenesis identified in Trk-T1 transgenic mice","volume":"19","author":"Heiliger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Bai, J., Yao, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., and Li, R. (2021). Identification of SLITRK6 as a Novel Biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. Biochem. Biophys. Rep., 28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2021.101157"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147583","article-title":"Differential expression of SLITRK6 gene as a potential therapeutic target for urothelial carcinoma in particular upper tract cancer","volume":"878","author":"Mir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-023-01838-0","article-title":"SLITRK6 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling and Warburg effect","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24819-w","article-title":"SLITRK5 is a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/14\/9\/1060\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1760110958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/14\/9\/1060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biom14091060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14091060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]}}}