{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:36:55Z","timestamp":1792427815980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. EoE shares a common pathogenetic mechanism with other chronic disorders pertaining to the type 2 inflammatory spectrum, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The recent advancements in EoE pathogenesis understanding have unveiled new molecular targets implied within the \u201catopic march\u201d picture as well as specific to EoE. These discoveries have led to the clinical evaluation of several novel drugs (monoclonal antibodies and immune modulators), specifically aimed at the modulation of Th2 inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the subtle mechanisms of type 2 inflammatory disorders, highlighting the similarities and differences with EoE, taking a deeper look into the evolving field of biologic therapies, already approved or under current investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T05:34:49Z","timestamp":1724823289000},"page":"1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["From Pathogenesis to Treatment: Targeting Type-2 Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Barchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Motility Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Vito","family":"Mandarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Motility Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2417-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona-Rita","family":"Yacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Albarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Massimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Motility Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ungaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Motility Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Passaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Motility Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen M. 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