{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:31Z","timestamp":1760145871464,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune blistering diseases of the pemphigus and pemphigoid groups are immune-mediated disorders due to circulating pathogenetic autoantibodies. Multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been associated with predisposition to these disorders. HLA-Cw6 is involved in antigen presentation processes and has been linked to psoriasis. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the presence of the HLA-Cw6 allele and susceptibility to pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. A genetic study in vitro with a cross-sectional design was performed enrolling forty patients with pemphigus vulgaris and forty patients with bullous pemphigoid. The detection of HLA-Cw6 was performed through the EUROArray test on DNA obtained from whole blood samples. The polymorphism was detected in 3\/40 genotypes in the pemphigus vulgaris group and in 4\/40 genotypes of patients with bullous pemphigoid, unveiling a non-statistically significant different frequency in pemphigus (p = 0.6368) and in pemphigoid (p = 0.62) compared to the reference frequency from the literature of 0.086. Further research is needed to better investigate the role of HLA-Cw6 in immune-mediated diseases and to identify novel genetic markers associated with susceptibility to autoimmune blistering diseases and with disease severity and response to immunosuppressive therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1726117384000},"page":"1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HLA-Cw6 Polymorphism in Autoimmune Blistering Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9098-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ciolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1985-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvise","family":"Sernicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Alaibac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witte, M., Zillikens, D., and Schmidt, E. (2018). Diagnosis of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. Front. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00296"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2611","article-title":"Mortality and Cause of Death in Patients with Pemphigus","volume":"97","author":"Kridin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1874915","article-title":"The Evolving Role of Rituximab in the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"21","author":"Kridin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.5679","article-title":"Sustained Remission without Corticosteroids Among Patients with Pemphigus Who Had Rituximab as First-Line Therapy: Follow-Up of the Ritux 3 Trial","volume":"160","author":"Tedbirt","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1159\/000478012","article-title":"Autoimmunity in the Elderly: Insights from Basic Science and Clinics\u2014A Mini-Review","volume":"63","author":"Watad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.I., Choi, S., Roh, W.S., Lee, J.H., and Kim, T.-G. (2021). Cellular Senescence and Inflammaging in the Skin Microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083849"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2021.01.004","article-title":"Infections in Older Adults","volume":"39","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.002","article-title":"The Immunogenetics of Pemphigus Vulgaris","volume":"4","author":"Gazit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.07.002","article-title":"Role of MHC Class II Genes in the Pathogenesis of Pemphigoid","volume":"11","author":"Zakka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12262","article-title":"Bullous Pemphigoid and Dermatitis Herpetiformis Association: A Genetic Predisposition","volume":"40","author":"Vaira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.11.014","article-title":"Association of HLA Class I and Class II Alleles with Bullous Pemphigoid in Chinese Hans","volume":"89","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.1.8","article-title":"HLA-C*17, DQB1*03:01, DQA1*01:03 and DQA1*05:05 Alleles Associated to Bullous Pemphigoid in Brazilian Population","volume":"30","author":"Chagury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28547","article-title":"T Cell Control in Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorders","volume":"116","author":"Hertl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.2015","article-title":"Autoreactive T and B Cells from Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) Patients Recognize Epitopes Clustered in Distinct Regions of BP180 and BP230","volume":"176","author":"Uter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drenovska, K., Ivanova, M., Vassileva, S., Shahid, M.A., and Naumova, E. (2022). Association of Specific HLA Alleles and Haplotypes with Pemphigus Vulgaris in the Bulgarian Population. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.901386"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16083","article-title":"HLA-Cw6 and Psoriasis","volume":"178","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000018338","article-title":"A Peculiar Sequence Motif in the Alpha-1-Domain of the HLA-C Molecule in Psoriasis","volume":"200","author":"Brazzelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102661","article-title":"The Role of T Cells in Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid","volume":"19","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13378","article-title":"Autoantigens ADAMTSL5 and LL37 Are Significantly Upregulated in Active Psoriasis and Localized with Keratinocytes, Dendritic Cells and Other Leukocytes","volume":"26","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sernicola, A., Mazzetto, R., Tartaglia, J., Ciolfi, C., Miceli, P., and Alaibac, M. (2023). Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II in Antibody-Mediated Skin Disorders. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111950"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"e39923","article-title":"Bullous Pemphigoid and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Hesari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(91)90010-A","article-title":"Immunogenetic Features of Some Cases of Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases","volume":"4","author":"Arnett","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28855","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028855","article-title":"Allele Frequency and the Associations of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 Polymorphisms with Pemphigus Subtypes and Disease Severity","volume":"101","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12418","article-title":"HLA DRB1* and DQB1* Alleles Are Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris","volume":"54","author":"Svecova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12451","article-title":"Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Pemphigus Vulgaris: Potent Markers for Better Treatment and Personalized Medicine","volume":"47","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunogenet."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/14\/9\/1150\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:54:31Z","timestamp":1760111671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/14\/9\/1150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biom14091150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14091150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2218-273X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]}}}