{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:58:40Z","timestamp":1785365920409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The application of normo- and hyperbaric O2 is a common therapy option in various disease patterns. Thereby, the applied O2 affects the whole body, including the blood and its components. This study investigates influences of pressure and oxygen fraction on human blood plasma, nutrient media, and the functions of neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs). Methods: Neutrophil migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NETosis were examined by live cell imaging. The treatment of various matrices (Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium, Dulbecco\u2019s Modified Eagle\u2019s Medium, H2O, human plasma, and isolated PMNs) with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) was performed. In addition, the expression of different neutrophil surface epitopes (CD11b, CD62L, CD66b) and the oxidative burst were investigated by flow cytometry (FACS). The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to normoxic and normobaric culture media served as a positive control. Soluble reaction products such as H2O2, reactive nitrogen species (RNS: NO2\u2212 and NO3\u2212), and ROS-dependent dihydrorhodamine oxidation were quantified by fluoro- and colorimetric assay kits. Results: Under normobaric normoxia, PMNs migrate slower and shorter in comparison with normobaric hyper- or hypoxic conditions and hyperbaric hyperoxia. The pressure component has less effect on the migration behavior of PMNs than the O2 concentration. Individual PMN cells produce prolonged ROS at normoxic conditions. PMNs showed increased expression of CD11b in normobaric normoxia, lower expression of CD62L in normobaric normoxia, and lower expression of CD66b after HBO and CAP treatment. Treatment with CAP increased the amount of ROS and RNS in common culture media. Conclusions: Hyperbaric and normobaric O2 influences neutrophil functionality and surface epitopes in a measurable way, which may have an impact on disorders with neutrophil involvement. In the context of hyperbaric experiments, especially high amounts of H2O2 in RPMI after hyperbaric oxygen should be taken into account. Therefore, our data support a critical indication for the use of normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen and conscientious and careful handling of oxygen in everyday clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T03:57:52Z","timestamp":1727755072000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Pressure, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia on Neutrophil Granulocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard F.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Panter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dive and Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Bitzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Setting mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients during VV-ECMO: Where are we?","volume":"81","author":"Goffi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801581","article-title":"Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest","volume":"360","author":"Grocott","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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