{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:55Z","timestamp":1760146255829,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by episodic flare-ups in connective tissue, which are frequently followed by the formation of heterotopic ossification. The absence of available plasma-soluble biomarkers for flare-ups or heterotopic bone formation poses severe challenges to the monitoring of disease activity to measure or predict disease progression. Recently, 18-fluor-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography\/computed tomography ([18F]NaF PET\/CT) was introduced as a potential marker for ossifying FOP activity. This review discusses the pharmacokinetics of [18F]NaF in relation to the pathophysiology of FOP, and its use as a marker of local bone metabolism in a variety of bone-related disorders. In addition, the review specifically addresses the applicability of [18F]NaF PET\/CT imaging in FOP as a monitoring modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T03:53:47Z","timestamp":1728618827000},"page":"1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["[18F]NaF PET\/CT as a Marker for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications in Bone Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4365-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolien","family":"Zwama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neeltje M.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Verheij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter G. H. M.","family":"Raijmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maqsood","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9e","family":"Botman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben D.","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dijklander Hospital, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624 NP Hoorn, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Garrelfs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3492-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arend","family":"B\u00f6kenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7890-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra","family":"Micha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6119-7810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lothar A.","family":"Schwarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anesthesiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd P.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Lammertsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Boellaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Bone Disease Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth M. 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