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The exact cause of FM remains unknown, and diagnosis is typically based on a history of persistent widespread pain, as there are no objective biomarkers usable in diagnosis of this disorder available. The aim of this study was to identify measurable indicators specific to FM with potential as biomarkers. This study included 17 individuals diagnosed with FM and 24 apparently healthy persons. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we detected the presence of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A and B genomic sequences in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and buccal swabs. HHV-6-specific IgG and IgM class antibodies, along with proinflammatory cytokine levels, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bead-based multiplex assays. Additionally, the gut microbiome was analyzed through next-generation sequencing. HHV-6B was more frequently detected in the PBMCs of FM patients. FM patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher exhibited elevated cytokine levels compared to the control group with the same BMI range. Gut microbiome analysis revealed significant differences in both \u03b1-diversity and \u03b2-diversity between the FM and control groups, indicating a shift in species abundance in the FM group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T04:02:58Z","timestamp":1728878578000},"page":"1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human Herpesvirus-6B Infection and Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lauma","family":"Ievina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Fomins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dita","family":"Gudra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktorija","family":"Kenina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology and Immune Deficiencies, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Microbiology, R\u012bga Stradin\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Molecular Genetics, R\u012bga Stradin\u0161 University, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anda","family":"Vilmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Gravelsina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santa","family":"Rasa-Dzelzkaleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modra","family":"Murovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davids","family":"Fridmanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0594-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaiga","family":"Nora-Krukle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University Science Hub, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00506-w","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: An update on clinical characteristics, aetiopathogenesis and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Giorgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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