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WTC dust contained human carcinogens including metals, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins), and benzene. Excess levels of many of these carcinogens have been detected in biological samples of WTC-exposed persons, for whom cancer risk is elevated. As confirmed in this structured literature review (n studies = 80), all carcinogens present in the settled WTC dust (metals, asbestos, benzene, PAHs, POPs) have previously been shown to be associated with DNA methylation dysregulation of key cancer-related genes and pathways. DNA methylation is, therefore, a likely molecular mechanism through which WTC exposures may influence the process of carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T08:09:08Z","timestamp":1728979748000},"page":"1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["DNA Methylation as a Molecular Mechanism of Carcinogenesis in World Trade Center Dust Exposure: Insights from a Structured Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Tuminello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4862-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedim","family":"Durmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Snuderl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0641-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongzhao","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Reibman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan A.","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Taioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A528","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.109-a528","article-title":"Environmental Aftermath","volume":"109","author":"Claudio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. 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