{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:33:05Z","timestamp":1787830385180,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vini di Batasiolo S.p.A"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis and lack long-lasting effective treatments. Recent research suggests that intestinal fungal dysbiosis may play a role in IBD development. This study investigates the effects of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZp)\u201d, known for its protective role in gut mucosa, and a yeast extract (Py) with prebiotic properties, either alone or combined, in DSS-induced colitis. Both treatments alleviated symptoms via overlapping or distinct mechanisms. In particular, they reduced the transcription levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1, as well as the expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-2. Additionally, GILZp increased MUC2 transcription, while Py reduced IL-12p40 and IL-6 levels. Notably, both treatments were effective in restoring the intestinal burden of clinically important Candida and related species. Intestinal mycobiome analysis revealed that they were able to reduce colitis-associated fungal dysbiosis, and this effect was mainly the result of a decreased abundance of the Meyerozima genus, which was dominant in colitic mice. Overall, our results suggest that combined treatment regimens with GILZp and Py could represent a new strategy for the treatment of IBD by targeting multiple mechanisms, including the fungal dysbiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T11:19:18Z","timestamp":1729163958000},"page":"1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein and Yeast-Extracted Compound Alleviate Colitis and Reduce Fungal Dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2305-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Gentili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-8325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuele","family":"Sabbatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Nunzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lusenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0698-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Cari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Mencacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ballet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lesaffre Institute of Science & Technology, Lesaffre International, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Migliorati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9257-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Ronchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5027-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Monari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60750-8","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: Cause and immunobiology","volume":"369","author":"Baumgart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.09.013","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"94","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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