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In its advanced stages, AIH can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Recent research has increasingly focused on cell-free therapies, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos), which have shown promise in treating autoimmune diseases, including AIH. MSC-Exos, as microvesicles with low immunogenicity, high safety, and permeability, can deliver RNA, DNA, proteins, lipids, and various drugs for disease treatment, showing promising clinical application prospects. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current research on MSC-Exos in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. It highlights the significant regulatory effects of MSC-Exos on immune cells and their ability to modify the microenvironment, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties while promoting liver regeneration. Additionally, this review also discusses potential challenges and future strategies for advancing Exo-based therapies in the treatment of AIH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T04:11:38Z","timestamp":1729743098000},"page":"1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Emerging as a Promising Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minglei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sikan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyun","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1742-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395","article-title":"Human autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive update","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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