{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:35:29Z","timestamp":1791243329112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 23-15-00320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 23-15-00320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transcription factor Runx2 plays a crucial role in regulating osteogenic differentiation and skeletal development. This factor not only controls the expression of genes involved in bone formation, but also interacts with signaling pathways such as the Notch pathway, which are essential for body development. However, studies have produced conflicting results regarding the relationship between Runx2 and the Notch pathway. Some studies suggest a synergistic interaction between these molecules, while others suggest an inhibitory one, for example, the interplay between Notch signaling, Runx2, and vitamin D3 in osteogenic differentiation and bone remodeling. The findings suggest a complex relationship between Notch signaling and osteogenic differentiation, with ongoing research needed to clarify the mechanisms involved and resolve existing contradictions regarding role of Notch in this process. Additionally, there is increasing evidence of contradictory roles for Runx2 in various tissues and organs, both under normal conditions and in pathological states. This diversity of roles makes Runx2 a potential therapeutic target, offering new directions for research. In this review, we have discussed the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation and the important role of Runx2 in this process. We have also examined its relationship with different signaling pathways. However, there are still many uncertainties and inconsistencies in our current understanding of these interactions. Additionally, given that Runx2 is also involved in numerous other events in various tissues, we have tried to comprehensively examine its functions outside the skeletal system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["\u201cA Friend Among Strangers\u201d or the Ambiguous Roles of Runx2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kseniia","family":"Azarkina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Gromova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Malashicheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90026-E","article-title":"The Runt Domain Identifies a New Family of Heterometric Transcriptional Regulators","volume":"9","author":"Kagoshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/287795a0","article-title":"Mutations Affecting Segment Number and Polarity in Drosophila","volume":"287","author":"Wieschaus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80258-5","article-title":"Targeted Disruption of Results in a Complete Lack of Bone Formation Owing to Maturational Arrest of Osteoblasts","volume":"89","author":"Komori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80259-7","article-title":"Cbfa1, a Candidate Gene for Cleidocranial Dysplasia Syndrome, Is Essential for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Development","volume":"89","author":"Otto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0797-307","article-title":"Missense Mutations Abolishing DNA Binding of the Osteoblast-Specific Transcription Factor OSF2\/CBFA1 in Cleidocranial Dysplasia","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. 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