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While the precise mechanisms driving their development remain elusive, a combination of genetic predisposition(s) and environmental triggers is implicated. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), among numerous cytokines involved, has emerged as a key regulator, exhibiting dual roles in immune modulation. This review delves into the molecular structure and signaling mechanisms of IL-27, highlighting its diverse effects on various immune cells. Additionally, it explores the involvement of IL-27 in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), offering insights into its potential therapeutic implications. Moreover, its involvement in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), myasthenia gravis (MG), Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS), and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is multifaceted, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications across these conditions. Further research is essential to fully understand IL-27\u2019s mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T06:41:48Z","timestamp":1732257708000},"page":"1489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Interleukin-27 and Autoimmune Disorders: A Compressive Review of Immunological Functions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Yazdanpanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Pazoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepehr","family":"Dadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Sajad Siadati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Tarahomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Orooji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariush","family":"Haghmorad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentyn","family":"Oksenych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3731","article-title":"The multiple pathways to autoimmunity","volume":"18","author":"Theofilopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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