{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:34:06Z","timestamp":1788449646668,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, making early diagnosis and treatment essential to prevent progression. Among available therapeutic options, nicotinamide (NAM) has shown potential in reducing AK progression. NAM is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which activates sirtuin (SIRT)1, a protein with anti-cancer properties. Although the role of SIRT1 in AK is still debated, no data currently exist on the systemic modulation of this protein in AK. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether NAM, by increasing serum NAD+ levels, may promote SIRT1 activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in AK patients. Thirty patients were enrolled and treated with NAM for 24 months. Hematological, biochemical, and skin condition assessments were conducted, alongside the measurement of SIRT1 and NAD+ levels. A decrease in basophils, monocytes, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels was observed in the study group, along with a reduction in AK lesions. Notably, NAM treatment significantly enhanced serum NAD+ levels, and nuclear SIRT1 activity in PBMCs. In conclusion, NAM administration significantly reduced AK progression in a NAD+\/SIRT1-dependent manner, supporting its role as a chemopreventive agent in AK management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T04:20:12Z","timestamp":1732681212000},"page":"1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of Nicotinamide in the Pathogenesis of Actinic Keratosis: Implications for NAD+\/SIRT1 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Belardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9014-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4025-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terenzio","family":"Cosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslana Gaeta","family":"Shumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Artosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Rivieccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Cavalloro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dellambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Istituto Dermopatico dell\u2019Immacolata, IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Della-Morte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Campione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01432-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01432-18","article-title":"A Natural History of Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microbiomes","volume":"9","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.07.172","article-title":"Genomic Progression of Precancerous Actinic Keratosis to Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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