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In this study, we investigated the impact of maternal separation (MS), social isolation, and their combination on anxiety-like behavior and gene expression across developmental stages. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to one or both stressors and later assessed for anxiety-like behavior in juvenility, adolescence, and adulthood. mRNA levels of Morc1, a gene linked to early-life stress and depression, were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex to assess developmental changes. The results showed that MS had age- and sex-dependent effects on anxiety-like behavior. Juveniles exhibited less anxiety after MS, while adolescents showed more pronounced behavioral changes following social isolation. No behavioral changes were observed in adults. Males exhibited greater anxiety-like behavior than females in adolescence and adulthood, but not in juvenility. Female adults exposed to both MS and social isolation had significantly lower Morc1 expression compared to controls. These findings highlight the dynamic effects of early stress across the lifespan, underscoring the critical role of adolescence and differential stress susceptibility by age and sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T03:52:49Z","timestamp":1733975569000},"page":"1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and MORC1 Expression in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annakarina","family":"Mundorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.05.011","article-title":"Effects of Maternal Separation on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses, Cognition and Vulnerability to Stress in Adult Female Rats","volume":"154","author":"Aisa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.012","article-title":"How Does the Brain Deal with Cumulative Stress? 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