{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1778264952181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the long-term use of a dietary supplement containing red yeast rice (RYR), combined with other natural compounds, in children and adolescents with primary hypercholesterolemia. A nutraceutical, containing RYR, policosanols, coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin and folic acid (commercial name: Armolipid), was administered once daily in 84 children\/adolescents with moderate or severe primary hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, 19 of the participants consumed 1.5\u20132.5 g of phytosterols daily until the initiation of dietary supplementation with Armolipid. Clinical and laboratory evaluation took place before and 6 and 16 months after treatment. Nutraceutical consumption resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels, which was maintained with long-term administration (p &lt; 0.001). No changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and lipoprotein (a) levels. In children previously on phytosterol supplementation, Armolipid use exerted a further significant reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins. Armolipid may be an effective and safe complementary treatment for children with moderate and severe hypercholesterolemia. More prospective studies on larger cohorts are needed to establish the role of nutraceuticals containing RYR, policosanols and other natural compounds in the treatment of children with hypercholesterolemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T09:17:58Z","timestamp":1734340678000},"page":"1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Beneficial Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination on Lipid Profiles in Children with Moderate and Severe Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Garoufi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cP. & A. Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Papadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cP. & A. Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Kalogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cAttikon\u201d General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urania","family":"Zerva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, \u201cP. & A. Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"Charakida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cP. & A. Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Marmarinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry\u2014Molecular Diagnostic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cP. & A. Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 24 Mesogeion Avn, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achilleas","family":"Attilakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), \u201cAttikon\u201d General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00892-0","article-title":"International Atherosclerosis Society guidance for implementing best practice in the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"20","author":"Watts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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