{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:22:20Z","timestamp":1793445740959,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["LUASK22012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUASK22012"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["00023001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00023001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["LUASK22012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUASK22012"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["00023001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00023001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["LUASK22012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUASK22012"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["00023001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00023001"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK-CZ-RD-20-0102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the sex-dependent effects of inflammatory responses in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), as well as hematological status, in relation to cardiovascular disorders associated with prediabetes. Using male and female hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats\u2014a nonobese prediabetic model featuring dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance\u2014we found that HHTg females exhibited more pronounced hypertriglyceridemia than males, while HHTg males had higher non-fasting glucose levels. Additionally, HHTg females had higher platelet counts, larger platelet volumes, and lower antithrombin inhibitory activity. Regarding low-grade chronic inflammation, HHTg males exhibited increased serum leptin and leukocyte levels, while females had increased serum interleukin-6 (IL-6). Both sexes had increased circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), higher PAI-1 gene expression in VAT and PVAT, and elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene expression in the aorta, contributing to endothelial dysfunction in the HHTg strain. However, HHTg females had lower tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) gene expression in the aorta. Severe dyslipidemia in this prediabetic model was associated with hypercoagulation and low-grade chronic inflammation. The increase in PAI-1 expression in both VAT and PVAT seems to indicate a link between inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Despite the more pronounced dyslipidemia and procoagulation status in females, their milder inflammatory response may reflect an association between reduced cardiovascular damage and prediabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T02:59:27Z","timestamp":1735268367000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Vascular Complications in a Rat Model with Severe Dyslipidemia: Sex Differences and PAI-1 Tissue Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4331-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Markova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"H\u00fcttl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Gayova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Miklankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristyna","family":"Cerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Kavanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Skaroupkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0483-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Cacanyiova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana","family":"Malinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-018-0051-3","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: An update on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and genetic links","volume":"17","author":"Zafar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01444-x","article-title":"The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care","volume":"22","author":"Broni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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