{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:39:16Z","timestamp":1787783956381,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias IS Carlos III","award":["PI20\/00923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00923"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias IS Carlos III","award":["PI24\/00478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00478"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias IS Carlos III","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Society of Cardiology","award":["PI20\/00923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00923"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Society of Cardiology","award":["PI24\/00478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00478"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Society of Cardiology","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Plasma metabolites could be suitable as predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular pathologies or death, thereby improving the prediction of protein biomarkers. The release of acylcarnitines may be altered after coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with recurrent clinical outcomes, and this could be used as a prognosis tool. Methods: Patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) who had suffered an acute coronary syndrome 6\u20139 months before were followed for up to 4.3 years for adverse events. Soluble pro-inflammatory\/fibrotic proteins, and a panel of 13 amino acids and 13 acylcarnitines, were evaluated by ELISA and metabolomics analyses as potential predictors of a primary outcome [heart failure (HF) or death]. Results: Among 139 patients (67.0 years old, BMI = 28.6 kg\/m2, and 71.2% male), 25 developed the primary outcome after a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. These patients showed increased plasma levels of NT-proBNP (1300 vs. 250 pg\/mL; p &lt; 0.001), pro-inflammatory\/fibrotic MCP-1 (1.7 vs. 1.4 \u00d7 102 pg\/mL; p = 0.043), Gal-3 (12.7 vs. 7.9 ng\/mL; p &lt; 0.001), and NGAL (2.7 vs. 1.6 \u00d7 102 ng\/mL; p &lt; 0.001), and lower acetyl- and propionylcarnitines (0.59 vs. 0.99 \u00b5M, p = 0.007, and 3.22 vs. 6.49 \u00d7 10\u22122 \u00b5M, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Instead, plasma amino acids were not significantly changed. Through a multivariable logistic regression analysis, a combined model of age, Gal-3, and the NGAL\/propionylcarnitine ratio showed the highest prediction for HF or death (AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.8, and specificity = 0.81; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with SCAD led to recurrent HF or all-cause death. Interestingly, increased levels of plasma NGAL and Gal-3, and a reduction in propionylcarnitine, could predict the occurrence of these events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:17:40Z","timestamp":1735640260000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Plasma Levels of Propionylcarnitine Improved Prediction of Heart Failure and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jairo","family":"Lumpuy-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Diabetes, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6457-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Rup\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, University of San Pablo CEU, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3469-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda Lee Simas","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, University of San Pablo CEU, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Crist\u00f3bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alcorc\u00f3n Campus, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Tar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de M\u00f3stoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Huelmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Egido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medicine Campus, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mah\u00edllo-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Besc\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties and Public 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