{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:11:08Z","timestamp":1780373468264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulating evidence suggests that overt hypothyroidism is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, thereby increasing the risk for major cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between serum catestatin levels and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), indicators of vascular health, in individuals with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis compared to healthy controls. A total of 100 female patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and 100 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum catestatin levels (10.2 (6.5\u201315.8) vs. 6.4 (4.1\u20139.3) ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001) and tissue levels of AGEs (2.21 \u00b1 0.55 ng\/mL vs. 1.89 \u00b1 0.56, p &lt; 0.001) were both significantly higher in the Hashimoto\u2019s group compared to the healthy age-matched controls. A positive correlation was observed between catestatin and AGEs in the overall population (r = 0.489, p &lt; 0.001) and within the Hashimoto\u2019s group (r = 0.457, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, weak positive correlations were noted between catestatin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, as well as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (r = 0.277, p = 0.005 and r = 0.229, p = 0.024, respectively). All of these associations were confirmed through multivariate analyses. The present analysis indicates that catestatin might be implicated in cardiovascular consequences of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. However, future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore if the causal relationship exists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T04:54:31Z","timestamp":1737608071000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Catestatin and Advanced Glycation End-Products: Potential Indicators of Cardiovascular Risk in Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0695-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Punda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Kumric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Baric Zizic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2530-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanda","family":"Sladic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3324-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Vuletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Supe Domic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 35, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marino","family":"Vilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7018-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Rusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josko","family":"Bozic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01477-1","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"44","author":"Weetman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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