{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:25:34Z","timestamp":1789575934061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31572585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572585"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is intricate, leading to its classification as an autoimmune metabolic disorder. T1DM often coexists with various visceral diseases. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely acknowledged for its potent antioxidant properties. Studies have demonstrated that the combination of NAC and insulin can effectively alleviate iron-induced nephropathy in T1DM and mitigate oxidative stress injury in skeletal muscle associated with the condition. However, the potential impact of NAC alone on liver disease in individuals with T1DM remains uncertain. In this study, a beagle model was established to simulate T1DM, enabling investigation into the role of NAC in liver disease using RNA-seq biogenic analysis and subsequent validation through molecular biological methods. The findings revealed suppressed expression of CXCL12 chemokine in the livers of individuals with T1DM, while treatment with NAC induced specific activation of CXCL12 within the liver affected by T1DM. These results suggest that CXCL12 may serve as a regulatory factor involved in the therapeutic effects of NAC on liver disease associated with TIDM. This discovery holds significant implications for utilizing NAC as an adjunctive therapy for managing complicated liver diseases accompanying type 1 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T04:59:10Z","timestamp":1737953950000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CXCL12 as a Potential Hub Gene for N-Acetylcysteine Treatment of T1DM Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Menglong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaihao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31320-5","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Dimeglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30362-5","article-title":"Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: A cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanian, S., Khan, F., and Hirsch, I.B. 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