{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:37:47Z","timestamp":1793209067522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute lung injury (ALI)\/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary disease with high mortality associated with inflammation. During the development of ALI\/ARDS, macrophages usually polarize toward M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages, promoting the inflammatory response in ALI\/ARDS and aggravating lung tissue damage. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity have achieved excellent results in the treatment of ALI\/ARDS through different regulatory modes, including macrophage polarization. Of note, flavonoid, brevilin A, and tetrahydropalmatine play an important role in the treatment of ALI\/ARDS by modulating the phenotypic polarization of macrophages and their pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in innate immune cells of the lung. Flavonoids are a kind of naturally occurring polyphenol compound, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies have found that some flavonoids can alleviate ALI\/ARDS through inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Among them, 5-methoxyflavone, acacetin, grape seed proanthocyanidins, and luteolin can also regulate macrophage polarization. Therefore, the in-depth exploration of the regulatory mechanism of macrophages can lay the foundation for the application of flavonoids in alleviating inflammation-related lung injury. This review focuses on the macrophage polarization effects of different natural compounds and their potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the treatment of ALI\/ARDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:45:12Z","timestamp":1738136712000},"page":"192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Natural Compounds Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Alleviate Inflammation Against ALI\/ARDS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhenhuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunmei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9973-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongguang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.06.062","article-title":"Maresin1 Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma Activation to Expedite Resolution of Acute Lung Injury","volume":"256","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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