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In cancer, autophagy plays a dual role: it suppresses tumor initiation in the early stages but supports tumor growth and survival in advanced stages. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematological malignancy, is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, a chromosomal abnormality resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Autophagy has emerged as a key factor in CML pathogenesis, promoting cancer cell survival and contributing to resistance against tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the primary treatment for CML. Targeting autophagic pathways is being actively explored as a therapeutic approach to overcome drug resistance and enhance cancer cell death. Recent research highlights the intricate interplay between autophagy and CML progression, underscoring its role in disease biology and treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying CML, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T05:36:32Z","timestamp":1738560992000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Autophagy and Cancer: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8931-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Adnan","family":"Kausar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadaf","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf Saleem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Ali Abdelfattah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simran","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem Ahmad","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Zeeshan","family":"Najm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102808-114910","article-title":"Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy","volume":"43","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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