{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:31:41Z","timestamp":1789115501841,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-74-30011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-74-30011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["125012300659-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["125012300659-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Russian State-funded budget project of ICBFM","award":["19-74-30011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-74-30011"]}]},{"name":"Russian State-funded budget project of ICBFM","award":["125012300659-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["125012300659-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic progressive lung disorder, can be the result of previous acute inflammation-associated lung injury and involves a wide variety of inflammatory cells, causing the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the lungs. Such lung injury is often associated with excessive neutrophil function and the formation of DNA networks in the lungs, which are also some of the most important factors for fibrosis development. Acute lung injury with subsequent fibrosis was initiated in C57Bl\/6 mice by a single intranasal (i.n.) administration of LPS. Starting from day 14, human recombinant DNase I in the form of Pulmozyme for topical administration was instilled i.n. twice a week at a dose of 50 U\/mouse. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), DNase activity, and cell content were analyzed in blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Inflammatory and fibrotic changes in lung tissue were evaluated by histological analysis. The gene expression profile in spleen-derived neutrophils was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We demonstrated that Pulmozyme significantly reduced connective tissue expansion in the lungs. However, despite the reliable antifibrotic effect, complete resolution of inflammation in the respiratory system of mice treated with Pulmozyme was not achieved, possibly due to enhanced granulocyte recruitment and changes in the nuclear\/mitochondrial cfDNA balance in the BALF. Moreover, Pulmozyme introduction caused the enrichment of the spleen-derived neutrophil population by those with an unusual phenotype, combining pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features, which can also maintain lung inflammation. Pulmozyme can be considered a promising drug for lung fibrosis management; however, the therapy may be accompanied by residual inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T10:26:12Z","timestamp":1739787972000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pulmozyme Ameliorates LPS-Induced Lung Fibrosis but Provokes Residual Inflammation by Modulating Cell-Free DNA Composition and Controlling Neutrophil Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila A.","family":"Alekseeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra V.","family":"Sen\u2019kova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khetam","family":"Sounbuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Innokenty A.","family":"Savin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4044-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina A.","family":"Zenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadezhda L.","family":"Mironova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savin, I.A., Zenkova, M.A., and Sen\u2019kova, A.V. (2022). Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314959"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65944-7_10","article-title":"Macrophages in Lung Repair and Fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Creyns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Probl. Cell Differ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm809","article-title":"Myofibroblasts and mechano: Regulation of connective tissue remodelling","volume":"3","author":"Tomasek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0121TR","article-title":"Immune mechanisms in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"55","author":"Kolahian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1785","article-title":"Neutrophils and immunity: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"6","author":"Nathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3HI1014-493R","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase promotes myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis","volume":"98","author":"Gregory","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200606027","article-title":"Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"176","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.52836","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) impact upon autoimmune disorders","volume":"40","author":"Pruchniak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.902938","article-title":"Protein-based therapies for acute lung injury: Targeting neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"18","author":"Bosmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210241","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0241-2021","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"31","author":"Keir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4359","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote differentiation and function of fibroblasts","volume":"233","author":"Chrysanthopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12319","article-title":"Enhanced formation and impaired degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: A potential contributor to interstitial lung disease complications","volume":"177","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2024.2394694","article-title":"The continuing need for dornase alfa for extracellular airway DNA hydrolysis in the era of CFTR modulators","volume":"18","author":"Roesch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herranz, R., Oto, J., Hueso, M., Plana, E., Cana, F., Casta\u00f1o, M., Cord\u00f3n, L., Ramos-Soler, D., Bonanad, S., and Vera-Donoso, C.D. (2023). Bladder cancer patients have increased NETosis and impaired DNaseI-mediated NET degradation that can be therapeutically restored in vitro. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1171065"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00215-w","article-title":"Nebulized in-line endotracheal dornase alfa and albuterol administered to mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A case series","volume":"26","author":"Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328358d51f","article-title":"Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme)","volume":"18","author":"Wagener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sounbuli, K., Alekseeva, L.A., Markov, O.V., and Mironova, N.L. (2023). A Comparative Study of Different Protocols for Isolation of Murine Neutrophils from Bone Marrow and Spleen. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417273"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filatova, A.A., Alekseeva, L.A., Sen\u2019kova, A.V., Savin, I.A., Sounbuli, K., Zenkova, M.A., and Mironova, N.L. (2024). Tumor- and Fibroblast-Derived Cell-Free DNAs Differently Affect the Progression of B16 Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105304"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.03.008","article-title":"How Neutrophils Meet Their End","volume":"41","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6085","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6085","article-title":"Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01933-x","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q.-R., Liu, S.-S., Min, J.-L., Yin, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Tang, X.-N., Li, X., and Liu, S.-S. (2023). CCL17 drives fibroblast activation in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling. Biochem. Pharmacol., 210.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115475"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sounbuli, K., Mironova, N., and Alekseeva, L. (2022). Diverse Neutrophil Functions in Cancer and Promising Neutrophil-Based Cancer Therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415827"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Antoine, D.J., Andersson, U., and Tracey, K.J. (2013). The many faces of HMGB1: Molecular structure-functional activity in inflammation, apoptosis, and chemotaxis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 93.","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212662"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s43152-020-00022-9","article-title":"Origin of Myofibroblasts in Lung Fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Tissue Microenviron. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa, G., Liu, A., and Herzog, E.L. (2021). Evolving Perspectives on Innate Immune Mechanisms of IPF. Front. Mol. Biosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.676569"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0810479","article-title":"Neutrophil IL-10 suppresses peritoneal inflammatory monocytes during polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"89","author":"Ocuin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boari, J.T., Vesely, M.C.A., Bermejo, D.A., Ramello, M.C., Montes, C.L., Cejas, H., Gruppi, A., and Rodr\u00edguez, E.V.A. (2012). IL-17RA Signaling Reduces Inflammation and Mortality during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection by Recruiting Suppressive IL-10-Producing Neutrophils. PLOS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002658"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-664995","article-title":"ICAM-1\u2013expressing neutrophils exhibit enhanced effector functions in murine models of endotoxemia","volume":"127","author":"Woodfin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardi, V.C., Van den Steen, P.E., Opdenakker, G., Schweighofer, B., Deryugina, E.I., and Quigley, J.P. (2009). Neutrophil MMP-9 Proenzyme, Unencumbered by TIMP-1, Undergoes Efficient Activation in Vivo and Catalytically Induces Angiogenesis via a Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-2)\/FGFR-2 Pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 284.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.033472"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706438104","article-title":"Human neutrophils uniquely release TIMP-free MMP-9 to provide a potent catalytic stimulator of angiogenesis","volume":"104","author":"Ardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/019021490944232","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in Pulmonary Pathology","volume":"31","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7818","article-title":"The Role of HMGB1, a Nuclear Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule, in the Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(99)00170-2","article-title":"On the detection of neutrophil-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)","volume":"232","author":"Scapini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00857-w","article-title":"What does elevated TARC\/CCL17 expression tell us about eosinophilic disorders?","volume":"43","author":"Catherine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chernikov, I.V., Staroseletz, Y.Y., Tatarnikova, I.S., Sen\u2019kova, A.V., Savin, I.A., Markov, A.V., Logashenko, E.B., Chernolovskaya, E.L., Zenkova, M.A., and Vlassov, V.V. (2023). siRNA-Mediated Timp1 Silencing Inhibited the Inflammatory Phenotype during Acute Lung Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021641"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen\u2019kova, A.V., Savin, I.A., Odarenko, K.V., Salomatina, O.V., Salakhutdinov, N.F., Zenkova, M.A., and Markov, A.V. (2023). Protective effect of soloxolone derivatives in carrageenan- and LPS-driven acute inflammation: Pharmacological profiling and their effects on key inflammation-related processes. Biomed. Pharmacother., 159.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114231"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effect of immunostimulatory RNA on the fibrosis development in Bleomycin- or LPS-induced mouse models","volume":"229","author":"Bishani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-023-00329-y","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and pulmonary fibrosis: An update","volume":"20","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14858","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps activate lung fibroblast to induce polymyositis-related interstitial lung diseases via TLR9-miR-7-Smad2 pathway","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1869OC","article-title":"Extracellular DNA, neutrophil extracellular traps, and inflammasome activation in severe asthma","volume":"199","author":"Dunican","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saffarzadeh, M., Juenemann, C., Queisser, M.A., Lochnit, G., Barreto, G., Galuska, S.P., Lohmeyer, J., and Preissner, K.T. (2012). Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Directly Induce Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Death: A Predominant Role of Histones. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032366"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2053","article-title":"Extracellular histones are major mediators of death in sepsis","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101323","article-title":"HMGB1 is a therapeutic target for sterile inflammation and infection","volume":"29","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0433OC","article-title":"PAD4 Deficiency improves bleomycin-induced neutrophil extracellular traps and fibrosis in mouse lung","volume":"63","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.1994.019.06.253307","article-title":"Dornase Alfa","volume":"19","author":"Robinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drugs Future"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2024.101967","article-title":"Molecular basis of sepsis: A New insight into the role of mitochondrial DNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern","volume":"79","author":"Bushra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171894","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.171894","article-title":"The DNA sensor AIM2 mediates psoriasiform inflammation by inducing type 3 immunity","volume":"9","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Branco, R.C.S., Weaver, S.A., Chang, G., Lee, C.-C., Syed, F., and Evans-Molina, C. (2024). miR-146a-5p mediates inflammation-induced \u03b2 cell mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem., 300.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.18.585543"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S., Sursal, T., Adibnia, Y., Zhao, C., Zheng, Y., Li, H., Otterbein, L.E., Hauser, C.J., and Itagaki, K. (2013). Mitochondrial DAMPs Increase Endothelial Permeability through Neutrophil Dependent and Independent Pathways. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059989"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denning, N.L., Aziz, M., Gurien, S.D., and Wang, P. (2019). Damps and nets in sepsis. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02536"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Mei, E., Nan, S., Chen, X., Zhang, P., Zhu, Q., Lan, D., Qi, S., and Wang, Y. (2024). Fibrin aggravates periodontitis through inducing NETs formation from mitochondrial DNA. Oral Dis., Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15073"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00138","article-title":"Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury","volume":"17","author":"Grommes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2396-0","article-title":"HMGB1 binding to receptor for advanced glycation end products enhances inflammatory responses of human bronchial epithelial cells by activating p38 MAPK and ERK1\/2","volume":"405","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101598","article-title":"Connecting the dots: Neutrophils at the interface of tissue regeneration and cancer","volume":"57","author":"Nolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001121","article-title":"Interleukin-10","volume":"11","author":"Moore","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117618","article-title":"Interleukin-10 modulates type I collagen and matrix metalloprotease gene expression in cultured human skin fibroblasts","volume":"94","author":"Reitamo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.056317","article-title":"In vivo IL-10 gene delivery attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the production and activation of TGF-\u03b2 in the lung","volume":"61","author":"Nakagome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764641","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/764641","article-title":"Fibrosis Related Inflammatory Mediators: Role of the IL-10 Cytokine Family","volume":"2015","author":"Sziksz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.02.017","article-title":"Hydrogel-based delivery of Il-10 improves treatment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice","volume":"203","author":"Shamskhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109946","article-title":"The role of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","volume":"154","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiad123","article-title":"The invasive margin of early-stage human colon tumors is infiltrated with neutrophils of an antitumoral phenotype","volume":"114","author":"Vadillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199711000-00007","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is expressed on human neutrophils and is essential for neutrophil adherence and aggregation","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong, D.L.W., Rebeyrol, C., Jos\u00e9, R.J., Williams, A.E., Brown, J.S., Scotton, C.J., and Porter, J.C. (2021). ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 Are Differentially Expressed and Up-Regulated on Inflamed Pulmonary Epithelium, but Neither ICAM-2 nor LFA-1: ICAM-1 Are Required for Neutrophil Migration into the Airways In Vivo. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.691957"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae090","article-title":"Regulation of ICAM-1 in human neutrophils","volume":"116","author":"Vignarajah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengupta, S., Caldwell, C.C., and Nomellini, V. (2020). Distinct Neutrophil Populations in the Spleen During PICS. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00804"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506589103","article-title":"Arginase modulates myocardial contractility by a nitric oxide synthase 1-dependent mechanism","volume":"103","author":"Steppan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.18699\/VJ20.631","article-title":"The role of polymorphic variants of arginase genes (ARG1, ARG2) involved in beta-2-agonist metabolism in the development and course of asthma","volume":"24","author":"Savelieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vavilov J. Genet. Breed."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/2\/298\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:36:26Z","timestamp":1760027786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/2\/298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15020298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15020298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]}}}