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A pilot study of eleven (11) patients with VLUs seen over a 12-week period was undertaken utilizing RNA sequencing of wound biopsies and plasma cytokine levels to determine if biomarkers could be identified that would distinguish between wounds which heal versus those that do not. Chronic wounds were found to have increased expression of genes relating to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cartilage and bone formation, and regulation of apical junction. Plasma cytokine levels showed predictive potential for IL-15 and RANTES, which were found to increase over time in patients with healed wounds. Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers as well as additional study of other chronic wound models, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T12:02:59Z","timestamp":1741608179000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elevation of Plasma IL-15 and RANTES as Potential Biomarkers of Healing in Chronic Venous Ulcerations: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Beneat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Comprehensive Wound Care Healing Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikki","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3332-6176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardik","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zarina","family":"Brune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Sherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Comprehensive Wound Care Healing Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Comprehensive Wound Care Healing Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9192-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisha","family":"Oropallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Comprehensive Wound Care Healing Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betsy J.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2023.0150","article-title":"Human Wound and Its Burden: Updated 2022 Compendium of Estimates","volume":"12","author":"Sen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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