{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:43:35Z","timestamp":1772174615458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relatives share more DNA with one another than unrelated individuals. Therefore, there is an increased risk of close relatives (e.g., siblings or parents and children of true donors) adventitiously \u2018matching\u2019 DNA mixtures to which they are not a true contributor. One such method of addressing relatives is to utilize alternative propositions within probabilistic genotyping software (e.g., STRmixTM). As the number of related individuals within a mixture increases, so does the potential for adventitious matches of related non-donors to the mixture due to increased allele sharing. The extent to which siblings and parents\/children of true donors result in adventitious matches to mixtures in which they are non-donors is presented as well as the impact of overestimating the number of contributors (NOC) when related donors are in question.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:59:52Z","timestamp":1741683592000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing Adventitious Matches of Non-Donors Related to True Contributors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9450-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Huffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA 22135, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilliana","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA 22135, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.102175","article-title":"The interpretation of mixed DNA profiles from a mother, father, and child trio","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2022.102691","article-title":"Investigation into the effect of mixtures comprising related people on non-donor likelihood ratios, and potential practises to mitigate providing misleading opinions","volume":"59","author":"Kalafut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15020","article-title":"Exploring likelihood ratios assigned for siblings of the true mixture contributor as an alternate contributor","volume":"67","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Oregon State Police Forensic Sciences Division Portland Metro Laboratory (2016). Validation STR Casework Analysis Using GlobalFiler, the 3500xl, and STRmix. Validation Study for STR Analysis, Oregon State Police Forensic Sciences Division Portland Metro Laboratory. Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/Oregon-State-Police-Portland-Metro-Lab-DNA-Val-067-GlobalFiler-STRmix-Summary_Redacted.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1377","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1377","article-title":"A description of the likelihood ratios in the probabilistic genotyping software STRmixTM","volume":"2","author":"Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huffman, K., and Ballantyne, J. (2022). Probabilistic Genotyping of Single Cell Replicates from Mixtures Involving First-Degree Relatives Prevents the False Inclusions of Non-Donor Relatives. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091658"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Sacramento County District Attorney\u2019s Crime Laboratory (2024, July 01). Internal Validation of STRmixTM V2.4. Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/Sacramento-Cty-DA-STRmix-V2-4-internal-validation-summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Los Angeles County Sheriff\u2019s Department Scientific Services Bureau Biology Section (2024, July 01). Validation of STRmixTM v. 2.5.11 Using the POWERPLEX FUSION 6C KIT. Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/LASD-STRmix-2.5.11-Validation-Summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Jefferson County Regional Crime Laboratory (2024, July 01). Internal Validation of STRmixTM V2.6 for the Analysis of GlobalFilerTM Profiles. Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/Jefferson-County-STRmix-Validation-V2.6-V2.6.3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (2024, July 01). Internal Validation of STRmixTM v. 2.6 (QIAGEN Investigator 24plex QS with 3500xl). Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/LVMPD-Summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory (2024, July 01). Internal Validation Summary for STRmixTM Probabilistic Genotyping Software. Available online: https:\/\/indefenseof.us\/uploads\/Wisconsin-STRmix-Validation-Summary-Part-1-Single-Single-Source-to-Three-Person-Mixtures.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2020.102350","article-title":"Are low LRs reliable?","volume":"49","author":"Buckleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.06.005","article-title":"An assessment of the performance of the probabilistic genotyping software EuroForMix: Trends in likelihood ratios and analysis of Type I & II errors","volume":"42","author":"Benschop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. 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Forensic Sci."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/3\/398\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:50:31Z","timestamp":1760028631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/3\/398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15030398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15030398","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]}}}