{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:24:49Z","timestamp":1777447489293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to ischemic cardiomyopathy remains a significant clinical challenge. Electrical conduction delays exacerbate symptoms by causing uncoordinated contractions, reducing pumping efficiency, and increasing mortality. Right ventricular pacing further worsens dyssynchrony, while resynchronization therapy improves outcomes but has a high non-responder rate. Given these limitations, bundle branch pacing engages the heart\u2019s conduction system, restoring synchronized contraction and enhancing cardiac function. This review examines the impact of left-bundle-branch-block-induced dyssynchrony, the role of advanced imaging in assessing ventricular function, and the clinical outcomes of bundle branch pacing in heart failure patients. Specifically, we explore the mechanical and hemodynamic effects of left bundle branch block, imaging techniques for dyssynchrony evaluation, and the comparative benefits of bundle branch pacing versus resynchronization therapy. Conduction delays impair function, increase myocardial stress, and worsen clinical outcomes. Advanced imaging plays a critical role in patient selection, identifying those most likely to benefit from conduction system pacing. By restoring electrical coordination, bundle branch pacing enhances ventricular function, reduces hospitalizations, and promotes reverse remodeling. It offers similar or superior benefits to conventional resynchronization therapy, regulates stress hormones, reduces oxidative damage, and improves calcium handling. Bundle branch pacing represents a significant advancement in heart failure management, but careful patient selection remains crucial. Future research should focus on optimizing implantation techniques and validating long-term benefits through large-scale clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:06:35Z","timestamp":1743141995000},"page":"489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Functional and Imaging Implications of Left Bundle Branch Pacing in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Cacciapuoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cA. Cardarelli\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cA. Cardarelli\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cV. Monaldi\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Crispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cA. Cardarelli\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Gottilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cA. Cardarelli\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, \u201cA. Cardarelli\u201d Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cSanta Maria della Piet\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 80035 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Pirozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cSanta Maria della Piet\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 80035 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Munciguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cSanta Maria della Piet\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 80035 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Volpicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cSanta Maria della Piet\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 80035 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vicent, L., \u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda, J., Vazquez-Garcia, R., Gonz\u00e1lez-Juanatey, J.R., Rivera, M., Segovia, J., Pascual-Figal, D., Bover, R., Worner, F., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s, F. 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