{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:28:32Z","timestamp":1792124912019,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":348,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression is a multifactorial psychiatric condition with complex pathophysiology, increasingly linked to neuroinflammatory processes. The present review explores the role of neuroinflammation in depression, focusing on glial cell activation, cytokine signaling, blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction, and disruptions in neurotransmitter systems. The article highlights how inflammatory mediators influence brain regions implicated in mood regulation, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The review further discusses the involvement of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the kynurenine pathway, providing mechanistic insights into how chronic inflammation may underlie emotional and cognitive symptoms of depression. The bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms is emphasized, along with the role of peripheral immune responses and systemic stress. By integrating molecular, cellular, and neuroendocrine perspectives, this review supports the growing field of immunopsychiatry and lays the foundation for novel diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory treatment approaches in depression. Further research in this field holds promise for developing more effective and personalized interventions for individuals suffering from depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1743398464000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Neuroinflammation\u2014A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression\u2014A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andreea","family":"S\u0103lcudean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 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