{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:11:02Z","timestamp":1760058662300,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schiff bases synthesized in our laboratory have demonstrated pain-relieving effects through both peripheral and central nervous system pathways. Considering that centrally acting analgesics often affect the muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and related deep internal organs, this study was conducted to examine potential relaxant effects on blood vessels and GIT smooth muscles. The possible relaxant effects of Schiff bases (SB1 and SB2) on isolated rabbit aortic strips were evaluated. The experiments involved assessing their impact on contractions induced by 80 mM potassium chloride (KCL) and 1 \u00b5M norepinephrine (NE). Norepinephrine concentration response curves (N. ECRCs) were constructed in the absence and presence of three different concentrations of SB1 and SB2, using N. ECRCs as a negative control. Terazosin served as a standard \u03b11 receptor blocker. Docking studies were employed to validate the mechanism of action for SB1 and SB2. The study outcomes suggest that SB1 is more potent than SB2, demonstrating lower EC50 values for NE-induced contractions in intact (5.50 \u00d7 10\u22125 \u00b1 2.23 M) and denuded (5.81 \u00d7 10\u22125 \u00b1 3.80 M) aortae. For NE-induced contractions, SB1 showed percent relaxation values of 48% and 41% in intact and denuded aortae, respectively. In comparison, SB2 exhibited values of 82.5% and 74%, showing that SB1 is more efficacious than SB2. The rightward shift of N. ECRCs for both SB1 and SB2 confirms their inhibition of \u03b11 receptors. Additive effects of SB1 and SB2 were seen in the presence of verapamil (p &lt; 0.0001). Docking analysis revealed that the compounds can properly bind to the target receptor Gq 1D (P25100). Findings show that both Schiff base SB1 and SB2 produce significant (p &lt; 0.05) vasorelaxation via the \u03b11 receptor blocking mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:38:37Z","timestamp":1745390317000},"page":"611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Lead Schiff Bases Predominantly Mediate Vasorelaxant Activity Through \u03b11 Receptor Blocking Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zakia","family":"Subhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niaz","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1117-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1203-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Wadood Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Dir (Lower) at Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvakumar, P., Seenivasan, S., Jadhav, R., Deshmukh, S.M., and Elavarasi, V. 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