{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:13:38Z","timestamp":1792113218365,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycosis fungoides (MF) and S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS) are the most prevalent forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and are characterized by the proliferation of CD4+ T-helper cells. The pathogenesis of CTCLs involves a critical interaction between neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment. This interaction is driven not only by cytokines but also by surface proteins that mediate cell\u2013cell contact. One such protein, OX40 (also known as CD134), is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and serves as an induced costimulatory molecule that facilitates the interaction between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells. In this narrative review, we explore the literature surrounding the OX40\u2013OX40L interaction in CTCLs, highlighting its pathogenic and prognostic significance. Additionally, we compare the expression and function of OX40\u2013OX40L in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, with their role in CTCLs. Finally, we provide an overview of the current state of therapeutic research, discussing the potential of targeting the OX40\u2013OX40L axis in CTCL treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1747128408000},"page":"715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["OX40\u2013OX40L Axis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Pathogenic, Prognostic, and Potential Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2827-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Guglielmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-9691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Zengarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Piraccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1025-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113343","article-title":"EORTC consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome\u2014Update 2023","volume":"195","author":"Latzka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. 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