{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:37:34Z","timestamp":1788406654619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province, China","award":["2023BBB069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BBB069"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province, China","award":["32273067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273067"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province, China","award":["2023AFB746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB746"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023BBB069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BBB069"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32273067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273067"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023AFB746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB746"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Funding","award":["2023BBB069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BBB069"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Funding","award":["32273067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273067"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Funding","award":["2023AFB746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB746"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) causes vascular inflammation in piglets, resulting in vascular damage. However, the mechanism causing vascular inflammation remains unclear. Baicalin possesses an anti-inflammatory function. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been implicated in immunosuppression. CD163, a scavenger receptor expressed on macrophages that acts as a decoy receptor for TWEAK, plays a crucial role in the regulation of autophagy and inflammation. This research investigated the efficacy of baicalin in reducing immunosuppression elicited by G. parasuis through the regulation of CD163\/TWEAK-mediated autophagy. The data demonstrated that G. parasuis altered routine blood indicators and biochemical parameters, increased cytokine production, and induced blood vessel tissue damage. G. parasuis reduced the CD3+ T cell proportion, CD3+CD4+ T cell proportion, and CD3+CD8+ T cell proportion in piglet blood. The proteomic analysis revealed that CD163 was differentially expressed in the blood vessels of challenged piglets. Baicalin was found to regulate CD163\/TWEAK axis expression, inhibit Notch\/Wnt signaling pathway activation, promote autophagy, and reduce NLRP3\/Caspase 1 signaling pathway activation. Baicalin also decreased cytokine production and alleviated pathological tissue damage in the blood vessels of G. parasuis-challenged piglets. Taken together, this study indicates that baicalin alleviates G. parasuis-induced immunosuppression and might promote CD163\/TWEAK-mediated autophagy. This finding suggests that baicalin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent to control G. parasuis infection and related vascular inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T06:10:44Z","timestamp":1747289444000},"page":"722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Baicalin Alleviates Piglet Immunosuppression Induced by Glaesserella parasuis via Promoting CD163\/Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis-Mediated Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shulin","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed 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