{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:46:01Z","timestamp":1787496361802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"resources and infrastructure of Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymer coatings as thin films stand out as a commonly used strategy to modify biosensor surfaces for improving detection performance; however, nonspecific biomolecule interactions and the limited degree of ligand conjugation on the surface have necessitated the development of innovative methods for surface modification. To this end, methacrylated tethered telechelic polyethylene glycol (PEG-diMA) chains of three different molecular weights (2, 6, and 10 kDa) were synthesized herein and used for obtaining thiolated nanoparticles (NPs) upon adding excess amounts of a tetra-thiol crosslinker. Characterized according to their size, surface charge, morphology, and thiol amounts, these nanoparticles were immobilized on gold surfaces that mimicked gold-coated mass sensor platforms. The PEG-based nanoparticles, prepared especially by PEG6K-diMA polymers, were shown to result in the preparation of a monolayer and smooth coating of 80\u2013120 nm thickness. Cysteine-modified NTS(8\u201313) peptide (RRPYIL) was conjugated to thiolated NP with reversible disulfide bonds and it was demonstrated that its cleavage with a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) restores the NP-immobilized gold surface for at least two cycles. Together with its binding studies to NTSR2 antibodies, it was revealed that the peptide-conjugated NP-modified gold surface could be employed as a model for a reusable sensor surface for the detection of biomarkers of same or different types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1748489419000},"page":"767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Preparation of Nanoparticle-Immobilized Gold Surfaces for the Reversible Conjugation of Neurotensin Peptide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hidayet","family":"Gok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Gol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4064-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul Zehra","family":"Temur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nureddin","family":"Turkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceyhun Ekrem","family":"Kirimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokcen","family":"Ozgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5960-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgul","family":"Gok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.01.016","article-title":"In Vitro Diagnostic Prospects of Nanoparticles","volume":"403","author":"Azzazy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal, O., Altamimi, A.S.A., Nadeem, M.S., Alzarea, S.I., Almalki, W.H., Tariq, A., Mubeen, B., Murtaza, B.N., Iftikhar, S., and Riaz, N. (2022). Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: From History to Therapeutic Applications. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12244494"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.14429\/dsj.58.1683","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Based Sensors","volume":"58","author":"Khanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Def. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laochai, T., Yukird, J., Promphet, N., Qin, J., Chailapakul, O., and Rodthongkum, N. (2022). Non-Invasive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Sweat Cortisol Based on L-Cys\/AuNPs\/ MXene Modified Thread Electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron., 203.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114039"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c05469","article-title":"Electroanalytical Sensor Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Decorated Paper for Sensitive Detection of Copper Ions in Sweat and Serum","volume":"93","author":"Bagheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67362","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c15662","article-title":"Matrix-Insensitive Sensor Arrays via Peptide-Coated Nanoparticles: Rapid Saliva Screening for Pathogens in Oral and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.2c01408","article-title":"Noninvasive Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection in Human Saliva Using Pt and TiO2 Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes","volume":"5","author":"Patra","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1021\/ac300278p","article-title":"Cancer Biomarker Detection in Serum Samples Using Surface Plasmon Resonance and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors with Nanoparticle Signal Amplification","volume":"84","author":"Uludag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00828A","article-title":"A Point-of-Care Selenium Nanoparticle-Based Test for the Combined Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in Human Serum and Blood","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.06.071","article-title":"Detection Limits of Chemical Sensors: Applications and Misapplications","volume":"173","author":"Loock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128935","article-title":"Self-Referencing SPR Biosensing with an Ultralow Limit-of-Detection Using Long-Wavelength Excitation","volume":"327","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.11.010","article-title":"A Quantitative View on Multivalent Nanomedicine Targeting","volume":"169","author":"Woythe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerrini, L., Alvarez-Puebla, R.A., and Pazos-Perez, N. (2018). Surface Modifications of Nanoparticles for Stability in Biological Fluids. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11071154"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, F., Salem-Bekhit, M.M., Khan, F., Alshehri, S., Khan, A., Ghoneim, M.M., Wu, H.F., Taha, E.I., and Elbagory, I. (2022). Unique Properties of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Bio-Application: Functionalization Mechanisms and Importance in Application. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12081333"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.08.007","article-title":"Maleimide-Functionalised PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles as Mucoadhesive Carriers for Intravesical Drug Delivery","volume":"143","author":"Kaldybekov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-007-1790-x","article-title":"Preparation of Reactive Polymeric Nanoparticles (RPNPs)","volume":"286","author":"Szaloki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2021.03.010","article-title":"Transferrin-Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for Curcumin Brain Delivery","volume":"331","author":"Neves","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.02.007","article-title":"Tumor Targeting of Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles: Assessment by in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging","volume":"75","author":"Goutayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1021\/mz4004248","article-title":"Functionalizable Amine-Based Polymer Nanoparticles","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.10.006","article-title":"Low-Humidity Sensor Based on a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polypyrrole\/Ag\/TiO2 Nanoparticles Composite Thin Films","volume":"129","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, M.E., Goicoechea, J., Rivero, P.J., and Arregui, F.J. (2022). In-Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in Layer-by-Layer Polymeric Coatings for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Sensors. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040776"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10715","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC02043C","article-title":"Multi-Phase Semicrystalline Microstructures Drive Exciton Dissociation in Neat Plastic Semiconductors","volume":"3","author":"Paquin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310876","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310876","article-title":"Surface Bio-Engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Haidar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.11.023","article-title":"Gold Nanorod Biochip Functionalization by Antibody Thiolation","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7022","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061102w","article-title":"Enzyme-Nanoparticle Functionalization of Three-Dimensional Protein Scaffolds","volume":"78","author":"Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1021\/nn405809c","article-title":"Polydopamine-Based Simple and Versatile Surface Modification of Polymeric Nano Drug Carriers","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130503","article-title":"Reusable Biosensor-Based Polymer Dot-Coated Electrode Surface for Wireless Detection of Bacterial Contamination","volume":"346","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110695","article-title":"A Reusable QCM Biosensor with Stable Antifouling Nano-Coating for on-Site Reagent-Free Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7 in Food Products","volume":"165","author":"Pilipenco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/08839115211014216","article-title":"Recent Applications of QCM-D for the Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Bioactive Materials","volume":"36","author":"Mosley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bioact. Compat. Polym."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, H.J., Saha, T., Tey, B.T., Tan, W.S., and Ooi, C.W. (2020). Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Based Biosensors as Rapid Diagnostic Devices for Infectious Diseases. Biosens. Bioelectron., 168.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112513"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, A., Yadav, A., Singh, O.P., and Sharan, P. (2024). A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Technology In Biosensing: Innovations, Applications And Future Trends. J. Opt.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-024-02265-3"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03207","article-title":"Theoretical Investigation of 6-Mercaptopurine Isomers\u2019 Adsorption on the Au(001) Surface: Revealing the Fate of Different Isomers","volume":"5","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triyana, K., Sembiring, A., Rianjanu, A., Hidayat, S.N., Riowirawan, R., Julian, T., Kusumaatmaja, A., Santoso, I., and Roto, R. (2018). Chitosan-Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Alcohol Sensing. Electronics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7090181"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C., Li, X., Song, S., Pei, Y., Guo, L., and Pei, Z. (2017). QCM Biosensor Based on Polydopamine Surface for Real-Time Analysis of the Binding Kinetics of Protein-Protein Interactions. Polymers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9100482"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11107","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR03162F","article-title":"Probing the Interaction of Nanoparticles with Small Molecules in Real Time: Via Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.12.237","article-title":"High-Performance Formaldehyde Adsorption on CuO\/ZnO Composite Nanofiber Coated QCM Sensors","volume":"783","author":"Diltemiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/28378083.2024.2386522","article-title":"Plasmonic Nanosensors for Environmental Pollutants Sensing: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Araz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Essent. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2021.1983025","article-title":"Detection of Formic Acid and Acetic Acid Gases by a QCM Sensor Coated with an Acidified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Membrane","volume":"44","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, T., and He, R. (2017). Methods in Determination of Formaldehyde. Formaldehyde and Cognition, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1177-5_14"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03562","article-title":"Plasmonic Biosensors for Health Monitoring: Inflammation Biomarker Detection","volume":"10","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s41664-024-00299-x","article-title":"Assay of Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease by Surface Plasmon Resonance","volume":"8","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anal. Test."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4236\/jbpc.2012.33024","article-title":"Quantitative Measurement of P53-P53 Antibody Interactions by Quartz Crystal Microbalance: A Model system for Immunochemical Calibration","volume":"3","author":"Atha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.10.117","article-title":"Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Annexin A3 Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance","volume":"177","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3390\/s150101635","article-title":"Design of Surface Modifications for Nanoscale Sensor Applications","volume":"15","author":"Reimhult","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00746","article-title":"Isoelectric Bovine Serum Albumin: Robust Blocking Agent for Enhanced Performance in Optical-Fiber Based DNA Sensing","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.04.021","article-title":"A Nanoparticle Amplification Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance DNA Sensor for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"21","author":"Mao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B818","DOI":"10.1149\/2.057210jes","article-title":"Blocking Agent Optimization for Nonspecific Binding on Phage Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors","volume":"159","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topor, C.V., Puiu, M., and Bala, C. (2023). Strategies for Surface Design in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensing. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13040465"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8695","DOI":"10.1021\/la800224s","article-title":"QCM-D Analysis of the Performance of Blocking Agents on Gold and Polystyrene Surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Reimhult","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.10.037","article-title":"State of the Art in PEGylation: The Great Versatility Achieved after Forty Years of Research","volume":"161","author":"Pasut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.02.010","article-title":"PEG Conjugates in Clinical Development or Use as Anticancer Agents: An Overview","volume":"61","author":"Pasut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010902875121","article-title":"Bifunctional oligo(ethylene glycol) decorated surfaces which permit covalent protein immobilization and resist protein adsorption","volume":"25","author":"Bi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.04.089","article-title":"Pegylated Lipids as Coatings for QCM Odor-Sensors","volume":"121","author":"Wyszynski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14130","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c01582","article-title":"Quantitative Comparison of the Hydration Capacity of Surface-Bound Dextran and Polyethylene Glycol","volume":"40","author":"Perrino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2066-0","article-title":"Characterisation of Morphology of Self-Assembled PEG Monolayers: A Comparison of Mixed and Pure Coatings Optimised for Biosensor Applications","volume":"391","author":"Mehne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.04.045","article-title":"Polymeric Material for Anti-Biofouling","volume":"100","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.10.025","article-title":"Effect of Grafted PEG Chain Conformation on Albumin and Lysozyme Adsorption: A Combined Study Using QCM-D and DPI","volume":"136","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106102","article-title":"Biosensor Based on Antifouling PEG\/Gold Nanoparticles Composite for Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk","volume":"165","author":"Hamami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.11.003","article-title":"Influence of Molecular Weight of PEG Chain on Interaction between Streptavidin and Biotin-PEG-Conjugated Phospholipids Studied with QCM-D","volume":"30","author":"Teramura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12858","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm11953b","article-title":"Decorating Carbon Nanotubes with Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Implementing Highly Sensitive Enzyme Biosensors","volume":"21","author":"Villalonga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056103","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab8bef","article-title":"A synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their characteristics for enhancement of biosensor","volume":"7","author":"Antarnusa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b10322","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles Assembly on Silicon and Gold Surfaces: Mechanism, Stability, and Efficiency in Diclofenac Biosensing","volume":"120","author":"BenHaddada","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1021\/bm400643p","article-title":"Steric Effects in Peptide and Protein Exchange with Activated Disulfides","volume":"14","author":"Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahsuvar, S., Kocagoz, T., Gok, O., and Can, O. (2023). In Vitro Efficacy of Different PEGylation Designs on Cathelicidin-like Peptide with High Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38449-3"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00342-5","article-title":"Synthesis and Biological Studies of Novel Neurotensin(8\u201313) Mimetics","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0094-3","article-title":"A Not-so-Strong Bond","volume":"4","author":"Pacchioni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2020-0124","article-title":"Neurotensins and Their Therapeutic Potential: Research Field Study","volume":"12","author":"Georgieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113538","article-title":"Emerging Trends of Receptor-Mediated Tumor Targeting Peptides: A Review with Perspective from Molecular Imaging Modalities","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03245-8","article-title":"Neurotensin Pathway in Digestive Cancers and Clinical Applications: An Overview","volume":"11","author":"Christou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/6\/767\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:41:03Z","timestamp":1760031663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/6\/767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15060767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15060767","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}}}