{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:19:07Z","timestamp":1781061547031,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Numerous studies have explored the potential of the biomarker copeptin (CPP) in diagnosing and assessing the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite these efforts, findings have been inconsistent. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the association between CPP and CKD, specifically evaluating its diagnostic value and correlation with CKD severity as classified by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus was conducted using a predefined search string to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included those involving CKD patients classified by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines or by the estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated using the MDRD formula, provided they met predefined inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome measured was the mean difference (MD) in serum CPP levels across the various stages of CKD. Results: A total of seven studies, comprising 2769 participants, met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into our systematic review and meta-analysis. Notable differences in CPP levels were identified across various comparisons. Specifically, CPP levels were significantly elevated in CKD patients compared to healthy controls, with a mean difference (MD) of 12.975 (95% CI 6.572, 19.379). Additional significant MDs were observed in comparisons including controls versus CKD stages 1\u20132\/2 (\u22121.600 [95% CI \u22123.179, \u22120.020]), controls versus CKD stage 3 (\u22129.598 [95% CI \u221212.959,\u22126.237]), controls versus CKD stages 4\u20135 (\u221228.776 [95% CI \u221242.925, \u221214.628]), and CKD stages 1\u20132 versus stages 4\u20135 (\u221230.475 [95% CI \u221246.790, \u221214.160]). Conclusions: Comparison between the CKD patients and healthy controls revealed significantly elevated CPP levels, suggesting a possible role in renal pathology. Furthermore, the distinct differences in CPP concentrations across various CKD stages highlight its potential as a biomarker for assessing disease severity and progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T05:11:49Z","timestamp":1749532309000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Copeptin as a Biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2280-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabi","family":"Gazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Cristian","family":"Cruciat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel-Corneliu","family":"Leucuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahlah","family":"Al Srouji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan-Lucian","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ismaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6LS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinu Iuliu","family":"Dumitrascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Ismaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: An update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. 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Protoc."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/6\/845\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:49:11Z","timestamp":1760032151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/6\/845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15060845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15060845","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]}}}