{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:48:27Z","timestamp":1785239307398,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QB032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QB032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22404143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22350410393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22350410393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022KJ344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2024QB032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QB032"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22404143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404143"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22350410393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22350410393"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022KJ344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ344"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2024QB032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QB032"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province","award":["22404143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404143"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province","award":["22350410393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22350410393"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province","award":["2022KJ344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ344"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aloin, a kind of active phenolic component, is sourced from Aloe vera. Recently, the determination of aloin has received enormous attention, owing to its positive performance (including anti-tumor, antibacterial, detoxification, liver protection, anti-stomach damage, and skin protection activities) and painful side effects (increased carcinogenicity caused by excessive use of aloin) impacting human health. This investigation was inspired by the good fluorescence properties of carbon dots (CDs); CD-based sensors have aroused a great deal of interest due to their excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, it is of great significance to develop novel CD-based sensors for aloin determination. Herein, N,F-CDs were designed and synthesized through a convenient hydrothermal strategy; the synthesized N,F-CDs possessed good fluorescence performance and a small particle size (near 4.3 nm), which demonstrated the successful preparation of N,F-CDs. The resulting N,F-CDs possessed a large Stokes shift and could emit a highly stable green fluorescence. The fluorescence of the N,F-CDs could be effectively quenched by aloin through the inner filter effect. Furthermore, the synthesis procedure was easy to operate. Finally, the N,F-CD-coated test strips were fabricated and combined with a miniaturized fluorimeter for the fluorescence detection of aloin via the inner filter effect for the first time. The N,F-CD-coated test strips were fabricated and used for the fluorescence sensing of aloin, and the results were compared with a typical ultraviolet (UV) method. The N,F-CD-coated test strips exhibited high recovery (96.9~106.1%) and sensitivity (31.8 nM, n = 3), good selectivity, low sample consumption (1 \u03bcL), high speed (5 min), good stability, and anti-interference properties. The results indicate that N,F-CD-coated test strips are applicable for the quantitative determination of aloin in bovine serum, orange juice, and urine samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15071052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T07:56:14Z","timestamp":1753084574000},"page":"1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sensitive and Facile Detection of Aloin via N,F-CD-Coated Test Strips Coupled with a Miniaturized Fluorimeter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guo","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6069-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Ostovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113379","article-title":"Increased illumination levels enhance biosynthesis of aloenin A and aloin B in Aloe arborescens Mill., but lower their per-plant yield","volume":"164","author":"Lazzara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.174","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of aloin in treating acute trauma in vitro and in vivo","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.10.051","article-title":"Suppression of norovirus by natural phytochemicals from Aloe vera and Eriobotryae Folium","volume":"73","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S219247","article-title":"Aloin inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating NOX2-ROS-mediated pro-survival signal pathways","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10650","article-title":"Quantitative determination of aloin, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of Aloe vera leaf gel products from Greece","volume":"101","author":"Kaparakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.07.004","article-title":"Quality control of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Aloe ferox using band-selective quantitative heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy (bs-qHSQC)","volume":"205","author":"Girreser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.122020","article-title":"Spectroscopic characterization of different protonation\/deprotonation states of Barbaloin in aqueous solution","volume":"286","author":"Matos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934820070047","article-title":"UV spectroscopic determination of aloin in Aloe vera (A. vera) samples based on chemometric data processing","volume":"75","author":"Monakhova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800338","article-title":"Rapid quantification of aloin A and B in aloe plants and aloe-containing beverages, and pharmaceutical preparations by microchip capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection","volume":"41","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117043","article-title":"Response surface methodology optimization extraction of aloins from Aloe vera leaf skin by ultrasonic horn sonicator and cytotoxicity evaluation","volume":"202","author":"Behaiyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayram, S., Kutlu, N., Ger\u00e7ek, Y.C., \u00c7elik, S., and Bayram, N.E. (2022). Bioactive compounds of deep eutectic solvents extracts of hypericum perforatum l.: Polyphenolic-organic acid profile by LC-MS\/MS and pharmaceutical activity. Food Biosci., 49.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101926"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11222","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3026309","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) in different growth stages","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solaberrieta, I., Jim\u00e9nez, A., and Garrig\u00f3s, M.C. (2022). Valorization of Aloe vera skin by-products to obtain bioactive compounds by microwave-assisted extraction: Antioxidant activity and chemical composition. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4042463"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110693","article-title":"Carbon dots-nanosensors: Advancement in food traceability for a sustainable environmental development","volume":"165","author":"Shafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., Xue, J.P., Wei, G., Zhang, Y.M., Wang, C.L., Li, J.H., Geng, X.H., Ostovan, A., Chen, L.X., and Song, Z.H. (2024). Fast and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG using SiO2@Au@CDs nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay strip coupled with miniaturized fluorimeter. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121568"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123824","article-title":"Synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots by B\/P doping and application for Co2+ and methylene blue detection","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139385","article-title":"Carbon dots-based fluorescent probe for detection of foodborne pathogens and its potential with microfluidics","volume":"451","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05830-y","article-title":"Label free dual-mode sensing platform for trace level monitoring of ciprofloxacin using bio-derived carbon dots and evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential","volume":"190","author":"Vijeata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144444","article-title":"Continuous productions of highly fluorescent carbon dots and enriched polymer nanofibers via microfluidic techniques","volume":"471","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G.M., Liu, C., Zhang, X.C., Zhai, P., Lai, X.Y., and Jiang, W.X. (2023). Low temperature synthesis of carbon dots in microfluidic chip and their application for sensing cefquinome residues in milk. Biosens. Bioelectron., 228.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115187"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, W., Wang, X.C., Gao, X., and Zhao, L.S. (2024). A smart fluorescent colorimetric dual-response sensing for the determination of tetracycline antibiotics. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 447.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2023.115217"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2015.04.016","article-title":"Carbon dots-silver nanoparticles fluorescence resonance energy transfer system as a novel turn-on fluorescent probe for selective determination of cysteine","volume":"309","author":"Amjadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.114439","article-title":"A nitrogen-doped carbon dots based fluorescent nanosensor for sensitive assay of Fe3+ ions in dioscorea opposita thunb","volume":"177","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9986","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201913800","article-title":"Photoactivated fluorescence enhancement in F,N-doped carbon dots with piezochromic behavior","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405669","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405669","article-title":"Multifunctional thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbon dots for temperature-responsive sensor, information encryption, and organelle imaging","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2019.06.008","article-title":"Fluorescent carbon dots functionalization","volume":"270","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interfac."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131721","article-title":"Determination and the pharmacokinetic study of tigecycline by fluorescence strategy with F,N codoping carbon dots as probe","volume":"361","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuators B-chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100812","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202100812","article-title":"Europium doped silicon quantum dot as a novel FRET based dual detection probe: Sensitive detection of tetracycline, zinc, and cadmium","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338853","article-title":"A signal-off fluorescent strategy for deferasirox effective detection using carbon dots as probe and Cu2+ as medium","volume":"1179","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503474x","article-title":"Visualizing gaseous nitrogen dioxide by ratiometric fluorescence of carbon nanodots-quantum dots hybrid","volume":"87","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b00521","article-title":"Fluorine-doped cationic carbon dots for efficient gene delivery","volume":"1","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121643","article-title":"4-nitrophenol optical sensing with N doped oxidized carbon dots","volume":"386","author":"Bogireddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21410","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c03109","article-title":"Nanoscale fluorinated carbon dots for the detection of perfluorooctanoic acid in aqueous systems: A fluorescence assay enhanced by fluorophilic interactions","volume":"7","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10737","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b05444","article-title":"Sp2-Sp3-hybridized atomic domains determine optical features of carbon dots","volume":"13","author":"Tepliakov","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-022-00443-0","article-title":"Fluorescent probe of nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from biomass for the sensing of MnO4\u2212 in polluted water based on inner filter effect","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132739","article-title":"A solid-phase capture probe based on upconvertion nanoparticles and inner filter effect for the determination of ampicillin in food","volume":"386","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2023.114382","article-title":"Ratiometric nanothermometry via porphyrin inner filter effect applied to colloidal ZnS quantum dots","volume":"357","author":"Conceicao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuators A-Phys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137832","article-title":"An upconversion biosensor based on inner filter effect for dual-role recognition of sulfadimethoxine in aquatic samples","volume":"437","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.343539","article-title":"Aliphatic substrates-mediated unique rapid room temperature synthesis of carbon quantum dots for fenofibrate versatile analysis","volume":"1337","author":"Belal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127224","article-title":"Sensitive and selective determination of aloin with highly stable histidine-capped silver nanoclusters based on the inner filter effect","volume":"627","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112642","article-title":"Designing stimuli-responsive upconversion nanoparticles based on an inner filter effect mimetic immunoassay for phenylketonuria accuracy diagnosis","volume":"217","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.03.080","article-title":"A ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive detection of biothiols in fetal bovine serum","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmw179","article-title":"An HPLC procedure for the quantification of aloin in latex and gel from Aloe barbadensis leaves","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12755","article-title":"Evaluation of aloins, pH and moisture in aloe leaf gel-based personal care products","volume":"44","author":"Sibhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.127292","article-title":"Spermine induced in-situ synthesis of polychromatic carbon nanodots towards smartphone-readable ratiometric fluorescence sensing of multiple catecholamines","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.340728","article-title":"Selective and ratiometric fluorescence sensing of bisphenol A in canned food based on portable fluorescent test strips","volume":"1240","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7306","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA00039C","article-title":"A portable visual coffee ring based on carbon dot sensitized lanthanide complex coordination to detect bisphenol A in water","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-020-4146-6","article-title":"Self-assembly of DNA-templated copper nanoclusters and carbon dots for ratiometric fluorometric and visual determination of arginine and acetaminophen with a logic-gate operation","volume":"187","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/7\/1052\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:13:04Z","timestamp":1760033584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/7\/1052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15071052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15071052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]}}}