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In the current study, bacterial isolates were obtained from samples collected from Chamalang cave located in Kohlu District, Balochistan, Pakistan. The cave-derived isolate C1 (Rhodococcus jialingiae) exhibits prominent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR), including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. It also demonstrates substantial antioxidant activity, with 71% and 58.39% DPPH radical scavenging. Optimization of physicochemical conditions, such as media, pH, temperature, and nitrogen and carbon sources and concentrations substantially enhanced both biomass and metabolite yields. Optimal conditions comprise specialized media, a pH of 7, a temperature of 30 \u00b0C, peptone (1.0 g\/L) as the nitrogen source, and glucose (0.5 g\/L) as the carbon source. HPLC and QTOF-MS analyses uncovered numerous metabolites, including a phenolic compound, 2-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-enoyl]-4-methoxyphenolate, Streptolactam C, Puromycin, and a putative aromatic polyketide highlighting the C1 isolate chemical. Remarkably, one compound (C14H36N7) demonstrated a special molecular profile, signifying structural novelty and warranting further characterization by techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR. These findings highlight the biotechnological capacity of the C1 isolate as a source of novel antimicrobials and antioxidants, linking environmental adaptation to metabolic potential and supporting natural product discovery pipelines against antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1753358333000},"page":"1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites from Cave-Derived Rhodococcus jialingiae C1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, School of basic Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Shanghai Dongli One Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guizhou Medical University One Health Research Institute, Gui\u2019an 561113, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umaira","family":"Bugti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran Ali","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 75000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazeer","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 75000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6619-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 39000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, School of basic Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Shanghai Dongli One Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guizhou Medical University One Health Research Institute, Gui\u2019an 561113, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingqian","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, School of basic Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Shanghai Dongli One Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guizhou Medical University One Health Research Institute, Gui\u2019an 561113, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kraker, M.E.A., Stewardson, A.J., and Harbarth, S. 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