{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:43:29Z","timestamp":1789494209721,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["YQ2024H028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2024H028"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["82204792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204792"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["YQ2024H028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2024H028"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82204792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204792"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein S-nitrosylation is a selective post-translational modification in which a nitrosyl group is covalently attached to the reactive thiol group of cysteine, forming S-nitrosothiol. This modification plays a pivotal role in modulating physiological and pathological cardiovascular processes by altering protein conformation, activity, stability, and other post-translational modifications. It is instrumental in regulating vascular and myocardial systolic and diastolic functions, vascular endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac action potential and repolarization. Aberrant S-nitrosylation levels are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including systemic hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Insufficient S-nitrosylation leads to impaired vasodilation and increased vascular resistance, while excessive S-nitrosylation contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, thereby accelerating ventricular remodeling. This paper reviews the S-nitrosylated proteins in the above-mentioned diseases and their impact on these conditions through various signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies or drugs targeting S-nitrosylated proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1753366304000},"page":"1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["S-Nitrosylation in Cardiovascular Disorders: The State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2373-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caiyun","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyou","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.1.444","article-title":"S-nitrosylation of proteins with nitric oxide: Synthesis and characterization of biologically active compounds","volume":"89","author":"Stamler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. 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