{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:31:14Z","timestamp":1792179074285,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&amp;D Program Joint Fund (Cultivation Category of Advantageous Disciplines)","award":["242301420106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242301420106"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&amp;D Program Joint Fund (Cultivation Category of Advantageous Disciplines)","award":["24B360004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24B360004"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Key Research Projects in Higher Education","award":["242301420106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242301420106"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Key Research Projects in Higher Education","award":["24B360004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24B360004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are nanoscale, phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles secreted by living cells through cytokinesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to their high biocompatibility and stability, PDEVs have attracted considerable interest in regenerative medicine applications. They can exhibit the capacity to enhance cellular proliferation, migration, and multi-lineage differentiation through immunomodulation, anti-inflammation effects, antioxidative protection, and tissue regeneration mechanisms. Given their abundant availability, favorable safety profile, and low immunogenicity risks, PDEVs have been successfully employed in therapeutic interventions for skeletal muscle disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and tissue regeneration applications. This review mainly provides a comprehensive overview of PDEVs, systematically examining their biological properties, standardized isolation and characterization methodologies, preservation techniques, and current applications in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we critically discuss future research directions and clinical translation potential, aiming to facilitate the advancement of PDEV-based therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T14:50:03Z","timestamp":1753714203000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A New Perspective on Regenerative Medicine: Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingsan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2550-6_15","article-title":"A protocol for exosome isolation and characterization: Evaluation of ultracentrifugation, density-gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods","volume":"1295","author":"Greening","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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