{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:34:36Z","timestamp":1760060076788,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture in Japan","award":["C: 21K11227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C: 21K11227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemic stroke is a primary cause of cerebrovascular diseases and continues to be one of the leading causes of death and disability among patients worldwide. Pathological processes caused by vascular damage due to stroke occur in a time-dependent manner and are classified into three categories: acute, subacute, and chronic. Current treatments for ischemic stroke are limited to effectiveness in the early stages. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of an oriental medicine, Gosha-jinki-gan (TJ107), on improving chronic ischemic stroke using the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The changes in the intracerebral inflammatory response (macrophages (F4\/80), TLR2\u20224, IL-23, IL-17, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2) were examined using real-time RT-PCR. The MCAO mice showed the increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and of F4\/80, TLR2, TLR4, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-17 in the brain tissue from the MCAO region. This suggests that they contribute to the expansion of the ischemic stroke infarct area and to the worsening of the neurological symptoms of the MCAO mice in the chronic phase. On the other hand, the administration of TJ107 was proven to reduce the infarct area, with decreased GFAP expression, suppressed macrophage infiltration in the brain, and reduced TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-17 production compared with the MCAO mice. This study first demonstrated Gosha-jinki-gan\u2019s therapeutic effects on the chronic ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1754475231000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gosha-Jinki-Gan Reduces Inflammation in Chronic Ischemic Stroke Mouse Models by Suppressing the Infiltration of Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mingli","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Suyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Nagahori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kiyoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Katahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izuru","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7053-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Terayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0302-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, 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