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Sport","award":["YJSCX-2025-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJSCX-2025-012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, a T2DM mouse model was established by administering a high-fat diet (60% fat) in combination with streptozotocin injection in male C57BL\/6J mice. The mice subsequently underwent an eight-week exercise intervention consisting of swimming training, resistance training, or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The results showed that all three forms of exercise improved cardiac function and attenuated myocardial hypertrophy in DCM mice. Exercise training further downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, nuclear factor \u03baB, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and mitigated myocardial fibrosis by suppressing fibronectin, \u03b1-SMA, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, collagen type III alpha 1 chain, and the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway. Moreover, exercise inhibited the expression of PANoptosis-related genes and proteins in cardiomyocytes of DCM mice. Notably, HIIT produced the most pronounced improvements across these pathological markers. In addition, all three exercise modalities effectively suppressed the aberrant activation of the cGAS\u2013STING signaling pathway in the myocardium. In conclusion, exercise training exerts beneficial effects against DCM by improving cardiac function and reducing inflammation, PANoptosis, and fibrosis, and HIIT emerged as the most effective strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15091223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1756189557000},"page":"1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danlin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05585-2","article-title":"Interpreting global trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality","volume":"65","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100275","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100275","article-title":"Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications","volume":"8","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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