{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:01:53Z","timestamp":1790373713192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":333,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumour cells to sustain rapid proliferation, resist cell death, and adapt to hostile microenvironments. This review explores the expression profiles of key metabolic enzymes and transporters involved in glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism across the five most deadly cancers worldwide: lung, breast, colorectal, liver, and gastric cancers. Through a comparative analysis, we identify consistent upregulation of glycolytic enzymes such as LDHA, PKM2, and HK2, as well as nutrient transporters like GLUT1, ASCT2, and LAT1, which contribute to cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The role of enzymes involved in glutaminolysis (e.g., GLS1, GDH), one-carbon metabolism (e.g., SHMT2, PHGDH), and fatty acid synthesis (e.g., FASN, ACLY) is also examined, with emphasis on their emerging relevance as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. While several metabolic proteins show strong potential for clinical translation, only a few, such as tumour M2-pyruvate kinase (TuM2-PK) and serum LDH measurement, have progressed into clinical use or trials. This review addresses some of the challenges in biomarker development. Ultimately, our findings underscore the importance of metabolic proteins not only as functional drivers of malignancy but also as promising candidates for biomarker discovery. Advancing their clinical implementation could significantly enhance early detection, treatment stratification, and personalized oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15101376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1759132832000},"page":"1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unveiling Metabolic Signatures as Potential Biomarkers in Common Cancers: Insights from Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Liver, and Gastric Tumours"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9548-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kha Wai","family":"Hon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2443198","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.43198","article-title":"Global Disparities of Cancer and Its Projected Burden in 2050","volume":"7","author":"Bizuayehu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, W., Chen, Y., Yang, J., Zhuo, C., Huang, S., Zhang, H., and Shi, Y. (2021). Clinical Perspectives on Liquid Biopsy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.634642"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-023-00457-x","article-title":"Multicentric pilot study to standardize clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) for cancer patients","volume":"7","author":"Menzel","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v12.i2.124","article-title":"Biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancer non-invasively: DNA, RNA or proteins?","volume":"12","author":"Loktionov","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2019.1559062","article-title":"Cancer biomarker discovery and translation: Proteomics and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Hristova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhardwaj, M., Terzer, T., Schrotz-King, P., and Brenner, H. (2021). Comparison of Proteomic Technologies for Blood-Based Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031189"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21741","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21741","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics for analysis of protein mutations","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erben, V., Bhardwaj, M., Schrotz-King, P., and Brenner, H. (2018). Metabolomics Biomarkers for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10080246"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6661","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6661","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes for rapid detection of germline mutations in hereditary breast\/ovarian cancer","volume":"7","author":"Nicolussi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01785-9","article-title":"Analysis of 10,478 cancer genomes identifies candidate driver genes and opportunities for precision oncology","volume":"56","author":"Kinnersley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.10.004","article-title":"The ABC subfamily A transporters: Multifaceted players with incipient potentialities in cancer","volume":"60","author":"Pasello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellin.2023.100077","article-title":"Hexokinases in cancer and other pathologies","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Insight"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2018.01.006","article-title":"Metabolic Kinases Moonlighting as Protein Kinases","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-021-00846-7","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascale, R.M., Calvisi, D.F., Simile, M.M., Feo, C.F., and Feo, F. (2020). The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12102819"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tait, S.W., and Green, D.R. (2013). Mitochondrial regulation of cell death. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008706"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111329","article-title":"Mitochondrial signaling pathways and their role in cancer drug resistance","volume":"122","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-02018-6","article-title":"Glutamine and cancer: Metabolism, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Nan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y. (2021). Lipid Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor Immunity, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-6785-2"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00730-2","article-title":"Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology","volume":"25","author":"Sies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2253","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.105","article-title":"ROS homeostasis and metabolism: A dangerous liason in cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Panieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.05.023","article-title":"ROS signalling in the biology of cancer","volume":"80","author":"Moloney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tretter, V., Hochreiter, B., Zach, M.L., Krenn, K., and Klein, K.U. (2021). Understanding Cellular Redox Homeostasis: A Challenge for Precision Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010106"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Eu, J.Q., Kong, L.R., Wang, L., Lim, Y.C., Goh, B.C., and Wong, A.L.A. (2020). Targeting Metabolism in Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204831"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dmello, R.S., To, S.Q., and Chand, A.L. (2021). Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumour Microenvironment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042067"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7285","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666181213092652","article-title":"Unlocking the Potential of HK2 in Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutics","volume":"26","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-019-0618-z","article-title":"PKM2 coordinates glycolysis with mitochondrial fusion and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha, S.K., Islam, S.M.R., Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M., Islam, S., Ali, F., and Park, K.S. (2019). Multiomics Analysis Reveals that GLS and GLS2 Differentially Modulate the Clinical Outcomes of Cancer. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030355"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101684","article-title":"Pyruvate Kinase M2 Coordinates Metabolism Switch between Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis in Cancer Cells","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15136-9","article-title":"A shift in glutamine nitrogen metabolism contributes to the malignant progression of cancer","volume":"11","author":"Kodama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H.-W., Yu, X.-J., Wu, W.-C., Chen, J., Shi, M., Zheng, L., and Xu, J. (2016). GLUT1 and ASCT2 as Predictors for Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168907"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04262-x","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase (FASN) regulates the mitochondrial priming of cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Schroeder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalik, M.A., Columbano, A., and Perra, A. (2017). Emerging Role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front. Oncol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00087"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.08.001","article-title":"G6PD: A hub for metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.07.006","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporters in cancer","volume":"33","author":"Payen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnider, P. (2021). Drug Efflux Transporters: P-gp and BCRP. The Medicinal Chemist\u2019s Guide to Solving ADMET Challenges, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788016414"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65768-0_1","article-title":"Glucose Metabolism in Cancer","volume":"1311","author":"Bose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23955","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15053","article-title":"One-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis as attractive targets for anticancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Shuvalov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.06.005","article-title":"The pentose phosphate pathway and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Patra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"225","article-title":"Targeting of Aerobic Glycolysis: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach Against Colon Cancer","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Vishvakarma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00686-2","article-title":"The multiple roles of LDH in cancer","volume":"19","author":"Claps","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1820","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase A: A key player in carcinogenesis and potential target in cancer therapy","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.30652","article-title":"The KLF14 Transcription Factor Regulates Glycolysis by Downregulating LDHB in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Wang, Y., and Li, P.-f. (2022). Mutual regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and redox robustness. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1038421"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-015-0589-8","article-title":"Suppressed expression of LDHB promotes pancreatic cancer progression via inducing glycolytic phenotype","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.05.003","article-title":"Roles of Aldolase Family Genes in Human Cancers and Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13732","article-title":"Aldolase A as a prognostic factor and mediator of progression via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14524","article-title":"Aldolase A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition to increase malignant potentials of cervical adenocarcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, S., Guan, Z., Hao, L., Song, Y., Wang, L., Gong, L., Liu, L., Qi, X., Hou, Z., and Shao, S. (2014). Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase A Is a Potential Metastasis-Associated Marker of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Lung Cell Tumorigenesis and Migration. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085804"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-20-534","article-title":"High expression of aldolase A is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M., Xi, S., Li, H., Xia, Y., Mei, G., and Cheng, Z. (2024). Prognosis significance and potential association between ALDOA and AKT expression in colorectal cancer. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57209-5"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, G., Shi, W., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Prognostic Implications and Immune Infiltration Analysis of ALDOA in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.721021"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, A., and Blanco, G. (2017). Carbohydrate Metabolism. Medical Biochemistry, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803550-4.00014-8"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0385-8","article-title":"Alpha-enolase (ENO1) controls alpha v\/beta 3 integrin expression and regulates pancreatic cancer adhesion, invasion, and metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Principe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2021.12.026","article-title":"ENO1 and Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.12.035","article-title":"Alpha-enolase promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via regulating AKT signaling pathway","volume":"845","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9969","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S226429","article-title":"ENO1 Acts as a Prognostic Biomarker Candidate and Promotes Tumor Growth and Migration Ability Through the Regulation of Rab1A in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03087-4","article-title":"Enolase 1 regulates stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer cells by stimulating glycolysis","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18714","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29179","article-title":"Enolase1 overexpression regulates the growth of gastric cancer cells and predicts poor survival","volume":"120","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524023666230622104625","article-title":"Oncogenic Alterations of Metabolism Associated with Resistance to Chemotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Fahimeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49117","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949117","article-title":"Hexokinase 2 displacement from mitochondria-associated membranes prompts Ca2+-dependent death of cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Ciscato","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"11","article-title":"Hexokinase II expression is correlated with colorectal cancer prognosis","volume":"6","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12238","article-title":"Hexokinase II in breast carcinoma: A potent prognostic factor associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and Ki-67","volume":"104","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.173","article-title":"Hexokinase II integrates energy metabolism and cellular protection: Akting on mitochondria and TORCing to autophagy","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02733-4","article-title":"Hexokinase-2 depletion inhibits glycolysis and induces oxidative phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma and sensitizes to metformin","volume":"9","author":"DeWaal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"4923","article-title":"SiRNA targeting PFK1 inhibits proliferation and migration and enhances radiosensitivity by suppressing glycolysis in colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12814","article-title":"TRAP1 enhances Warburg metabolism through modulation of PFK1 expression\/activity and favors resistance to EGFR inhibitors in human colorectal carcinomas","volume":"14","author":"Maddalena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00520-1","article-title":"Metabolic protein phosphoglycerate kinase 1 confers lung cancer migration by directly binding HIV Tat specific factor 1","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.009","article-title":"Mitochondria-Translocated PGK1 Functions as a Protein Kinase to Coordinate Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle in Tumorigenesis","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.1971","article-title":"Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 as a promoter of metastasis in colon cancer","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.007","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase M2: A simple molecule with complex functions","volume":"143","author":"Alquraishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Kim, W., Arif, M., Gao, C., Hober, A., Kotol, D., Strandberg, L., Forsstr\u00f6m, B., Sivertsson, \u00c5., and Oksvold, P. (2021). Discovery of Functional Alternatively Spliced PKM Transcripts in Human Cancers. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020348"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13211","article-title":"Enhanced expression of the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase is involved in gastric cancer development by regulating cancer-specific metabolism","volume":"108","author":"Shiroki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2629","article-title":"ERK1\/2-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 promotes the Warburg effect","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pekel, G., and Ari, F. (2020). Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Metabolism with Triosephosphate Isomerase. Chem. Biodivers., 17.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202000012"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6865","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006865","article-title":"Clinical significance and prognostic value of Triosephosphate isomerase expression in gastric cancer","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, N.C., Gomig, T.H., Milioli, H.H., Cordeiro, F., Costa, G.G., Urban, C.A., Lima, R.S., Cavalli, I.J., and Ribeiro, E.M. (2016). Comparative proteomic analysis of ductal and lobular invasive breast carcinoma. Genet. Mol. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15027701"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8919","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26821","article-title":"Triose-phosphate isomerase is a novel target of miR-22 and miR-28, with implications in tumorigenesis","volume":"233","author":"Lone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.156","article-title":"Triosephosphate isomerase 1 suppresses growth, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"482","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5800","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6807","article-title":"RPS7 inhibits colorectal cancer growth via decreasing HIF-1\u03b1-mediated glycolysis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.07.050","article-title":"Expression of the hypoxia-inducible monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 is increased in triple negative breast cancer and correlates independently with clinical outcome","volume":"451","author":"Doyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelizzari, G., Basile, D., Zago, S., Lisanti, C., Bartoletti, M., Bortot, L., Vitale, M.G., Fanotto, V., Barban, S., and Cinausero, M. (2019). Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Response to First-Line Treatment Predicts Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer: First Clues for A Cost-Effective and Dynamic Biomarker. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11091243"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Ma, L., Wang, Z., He, H., Chen, H., Duan, Z., Li, Y., Si, Q., Chuang, T.-H., and Chen, C. (2021). Lactate Dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) Preserves Cancer Stemness and Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Promote Breast Cancer Progression. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.654452"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.08.014","article-title":"High expressions of LDHA and AMPK as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10714","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24246","article-title":"An explorative analysis of the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase for survival and the chemotherapeutic response in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0623","article-title":"Lactate Dehydrogenase B: A Metabolic Marker of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Dennison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, T., Liu, Z., Xuan, Q., Wang, Z., Ma, W., and Zhang, Q. (2017). Tumor LDH-A expression and serum LDH status are two metabolic predictors for triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06378-7"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8396023","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8396023","article-title":"PKM2 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition","volume":"2020","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Cell. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.12719","article-title":"High Expression of Pyruvate Kinase M2 is Associated with Chemosensitivity to Epirubicin and 5-Fluorouracil in Breast Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1599","article-title":"Differential phosphofructokinase-1 isoenzyme patterns associated with glycolytic efficiency in human breast cancer and paracancer tissues","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29375","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4910","article-title":"Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activity and intracellular distribution correlate with aggressiveness and invasiveness of human breast carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Coelho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.446","article-title":"Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 promotes cancer cell migration independent of its metabolic activity","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2012.15.2.172","article-title":"The Glycolytic Phenotype is Correlated with Aggressiveness and Poor Prognosis in Invasive Ductal Carcinomas","volume":"15","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0707-1","article-title":"Metabolic phenotypes in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.11256","article-title":"Glut-1 Expression Correlates with Basal-like Breast Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Hussein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.5843","article-title":"High-concentration glucose enhances invasion in invasive ductal breast carcinoma by promoting Glut1\/MMP2\/MMP9 axis expression","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1279","article-title":"GLUT1 and CAIX expression profiles in breast cancer correlate with adverse prognostic factors and MCT1 overexpression","volume":"26","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2019.11.03","article-title":"HER2 status in breast cancer: Changes in guidelines and complicating factors for interpretation","volume":"54","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6103542","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6103542","article-title":"Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) Stabled by HER2 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Activation of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HER2+ Breast Cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04211-w","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of the SGLT family of glucose transporters","volume":"601","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-012-9500-5","article-title":"Expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 Glucose Transporters in Endometrial and Breast Cancers","volume":"18","author":"Krzeslak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.01.057","article-title":"MCT1 Modulates Cancer Cell Pyruvate Export and Growth of Tumors that Co-express MCT1 and MCT4","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, J.M., Cotzia, P., Fratamico, R., Mikkilineni, L., Chen, J., Colombo, D., Mollaee, M., Whitaker-Menezes, D., Domingo-Vidal, M., and Lin, Z. (2017). MCT1 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Monocarboxylate Metabolism and Aggressive Breast Cancer. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00027"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14706","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14706","article-title":"Adipocytes promote malignant growth of breast tumours with monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression via \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02825-2","article-title":"Targeting lactate dehydrogenase a improves radiotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer: From bedside to bench","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2638","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase B is required for the growth of KRAS-dependent lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"19","author":"McCleland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.06.001","article-title":"Feedback regulation of ALDOA activates the HIF-1alpha\/MMP9 axis to promote lung cancer progression","volume":"403","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"3189","article-title":"Enolase 1 differentially contributes to cell transformation in lung cancer but not in esophageal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3543","article-title":"ENO1 Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis via HGFR and WNT Signaling\u2013Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0117-5","article-title":"Alpha-enolase promotes cell glycolysis, growth, migration, and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer through FAK-mediated PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-020-00508-6","article-title":"PFKP is highly expressed in lung cancer and regulates glucose metabolism","volume":"43","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0034-y","article-title":"Phosphoglyceric acid mutase-1 contributes to oncogenic mTOR-mediated tumor growth and confers non-small cell lung cancer patients with poor prognosis","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02900-4","article-title":"PGAM1, regulated by miR-3614\u20135p, functions as an oncogene by activating transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) signaling in the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.13715","article-title":"GLUT1 and PKM2 may be useful prognostic predictors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer following curative R0 resection","volume":"25","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Lett."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eilertsen, M., Andersen, S., Al-Saad, S., Kiselev, Y., Donnem, T., Stenvold, H., Pettersen, I., Al-Shibli, K., Richardsen, E., and Busund, L.T. (2014). Monocarboxylate transporters 1\u20134 in NSCLC: MCT1 is an independent prognostic marker for survival. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105038"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.06.012","article-title":"Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Is a Therapeutic Target in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Aerobic Glycolysis Preference","volume":"18","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"351","article-title":"Hexokinase 2 in colorectal cancer: A potent prognostic factor associated with glycolysis, proliferation and migration","volume":"32","author":"Katagiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12487","article-title":"Combined evaluation of hexokinase 2 and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1alpha in invasive front lesions of colorectal tumors predicts cancer metabolism and patient prognosis","volume":"105","author":"Hamabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4255-8","article-title":"Overexpression of Hexokinase 1 as a poor prognosticator in human colorectal cancer","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22603","article-title":"\u03b1-enolase promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis via regulating AMPK\/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer","volume":"56","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, J., Zhong, K., Wang, L., Ni, H., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., Yao, Y., Jiang, L., Wang, B., and Zhu, X. (2022). ENO1 contributes to 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer cells via EMT pathway. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1013035"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-24-154","article-title":"The ratio of PKM1\/PKM2 is the key factor affecting the glucose metabolism and biological function of colorectal cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1066","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase type M2 is upregulated in colorectal cancer and promotes proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.03.020","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase M2 facilitates colon cancer cell migration via the modulation of STAT3 signalling","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.06.022","article-title":"Positive feedback of DDX6\/c-Myc\/PTB1 regulated by miR-124 contributes to maintenance of the Warburg effect in colon cancer cells","volume":"1852","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"11393","article-title":"Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in human colorectal cancer and its prognostic value","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Guo, X., Miao, Z., and Ma, S. (2020). Atractylenolide I Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Glycolysis by Blocking the JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00273"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01118-7","article-title":"APC loss induces Warburg effect via increased PKM2 transcription in colorectal cancer","volume":"124","author":"Cha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v4.i6.145","article-title":"Serum M2-pyruvate kinase: A promising non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer mass screening","volume":"4","author":"Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigi, F., Jannatabad, A., Izanloo, A., Roshanravan, R., Hashemian, H.R., and Kerachian, M.A. (2020). Expression of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform in plasma and stool of patients with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps. BMC Gastroenterol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01377-x"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7997","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2018.21719","article-title":"Diagnostic Value of Plasma M2-Pyruvate Kinase in Egyptian Patients with Colorectal Cancer","volume":"73","author":"Wahib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06544-6","article-title":"PRMT1-mediated PGK1 arginine methylation promotes colorectal cancer glycolysis and tumorigenesis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i14.1866","article-title":"Clinicopathologic significance of GLUT1 expression and its correlation with Apaf-1 in colorectal adenocarcinomas","volume":"17","author":"Jun","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, S.F., Amorim, R., Viana-Pereira, M., Pinheiro, C., Costa, R.F.A., Silva, P., Couto, C., Alves, S., Fernandes, S., and Vila\u00e7a, S. (2016). Significance of glycolytic metabolism-related protein expression in colorectal cancer, lymph node and hepatic metastasis. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2566-9"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"691","article-title":"Prognostic value of glucose transporter 3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00708-y","article-title":"Expressions of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein and Glucose Transporters in Liver Cancer and Clinical Significance","volume":"26","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwee, S.A., Hernandez, B., Chan, O., and Wong, L. (2012). Choline kinase alpha and hexokinase-2 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: Association with survival. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046591"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3364-3","article-title":"Evidence for heightened hexokinase II immunoexpression in hepatocyte dysplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"60","author":"Guzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19455","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103879","article-title":"Cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A promising biomarker for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2015.11.006","article-title":"Lactate Dehydrogenase Is an Important Prognostic Indicator for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Partial Hepatectomy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86630","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13428","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase is a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by sorafenib: Results from the real life practice in HBV endemic area","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00630-3","article-title":"Overexpression of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Tumor Tissues Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2018.1564558","article-title":"Lamc1 promotes the Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating PKM2 expression through AKT pathway","volume":"20","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"2538","article-title":"Co-expression of PKM2 and TRIM35 predicts survival and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wu, H., Mei, Y., Ding, X., Yang, X., Li, C., Deng, M., and Gong, J. (2017). Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PKM2 protein expression in cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma and non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14813-y"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3727\/096504017X14902648894463","article-title":"Regulation of Acetate Utilization by Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)","volume":"26","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11780","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i33.11780","article-title":"Characterization of monocarboxylate transporter activity in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"6586","article-title":"Aldolase A promotes cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance via the EGFR pathway in gastric cancer","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00952-8","article-title":"Initial clinical and experimental analyses of ALDOA in gastric cancer, as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morisaki, T., Yashiro, M., Kakehashi, A., Inagaki, A., Kinoshita, H., Fukuoka, T., Kasashima, H., Masuda, G., Sakurai, K., and Kubo, N. (2014). Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110736"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S251596","article-title":"Glucose Transporter-1 Cooperating with AKT Signaling Promote Gastric Cancer Progression","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e920778","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.920778","article-title":"Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) Expression is Associated with Tumor Size and Poor Prognosis in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit Basic Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16144","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160716144","article-title":"Deregulated SLC2A1 Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-015-0577-x","article-title":"Glucose transporters 1, 3, 6, and 10 are expressed in gastric cancer and glucose transporter 3 is associated with UICC stage and survival","volume":"20","author":"Drebber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-023-03162-8","article-title":"Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) promotes lactylation modifications by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in gastric cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7521","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3470-7","article-title":"Expression of SIP1 is strongly correlated with LDHA and shows a significantly poor outcome in gastric cancer","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"6756","article-title":"FOXM1-LDHA signaling promoted gastric cancer glycolytic phenotype and progression","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e279","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.279","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced FOXO4\/LDHA axis modulates gastric cancer cell glycolysis and progression","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"2055","article-title":"The molecular mechanism and clinical significance of LDHA in HER2-mediated progression of gastric cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.063","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase M2 promotes the growth of gastric cancer cells via regulation of Bcl-xL expression at transcriptional level","volume":"423","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i30.4037","article-title":"Overexpression of the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase is an adverse prognostic factor for signet ring cell gastric cancer","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06435-w","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism in tumor biology and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, A. (2021). Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer. The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65768-0"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2020.5158","article-title":"Serine, glycine and one-carbon metabolism in cancer (Review)","volume":"58","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.12.011","article-title":"Emerging Roles for Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer","volume":"37","author":"Sivanand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.8b00215","article-title":"The Proline Cycle As a Potential Cancer Therapy Target","volume":"57","author":"Tanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.L., Hsu, S.C., Ann, D.K., Yen, Y., and Kung, H.J. (2021). Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143541"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0637-9","article-title":"ASCT2 (SLC1A5)-dependent glutamine uptake is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-021-02645-2","article-title":"Targeting GLS1 to cancer therapy through glutamine metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6538","article-title":"Glutaminase sustains cell survival via the regulation of glycolysis and glutaminolysis in colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.71","article-title":"From Krebs to clinic: Glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Altman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalise, M., Galluccio, M., Console, L., Pochini, L., and Indiveri, C. (2018). The Human SLC7A5 (LAT1): The Intriguing Histidine\/Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter and Its Relevance to Human Health. Front. Chem., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00243"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8258","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses colorectal cancer by induction of ferroptosis via regulation of p53 and solute carrier family 7 member 11\/glutathione\/glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling axis","volume":"38","author":"Ming","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-12-169","article-title":"CD98hc (SLC3A2) drives integrin-dependent renal cancer cell behavior","volume":"12","author":"Poettler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2951","article-title":"The CD98 Heavy Chain Is a Marker and Regulator of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Radiosensitivity","volume":"25","author":"Digomann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0135","article-title":"SHMT2 expression as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for thyroid cancer","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-017-0905-7","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of breast cancer metabolism identifies SHMT2 and ASCT2 as prognostic factors","volume":"19","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0398","article-title":"Expression of glutamine metabolism-related proteins according to molecular subtype of breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2015.07.29","article-title":"Current Issues and Clinical Evidence in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer","volume":"49","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.016","article-title":"Metabolic Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment Is a Driver of Cancer Progression","volume":"162","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2083-5","article-title":"Glutaminase expression is a poor prognostic factor in node-positive triple-negative breast cancer patients with a high level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"470","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03210-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of glutaminase 1 in breast cancer depends on H3K27me3 expression and menopausal status","volume":"480","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-021-06298-1","article-title":"SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"189","author":"Alfarsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfarsi, L.H., El-Ansari, R., Craze, M.L., Masisi, B.K., Mohammed, O.J., Ellis, I.O., Rakha, E.A., and Green, A.R. (2020). Co-Expression Effect of SLC7A5\/SLC3A2 to Predict Response to Endocrine Therapy in Oestrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041407"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-018-0946-6","article-title":"The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 confers a poor prognosis in the highly proliferative breast cancer subtypes and is a key therapeutic target in luminal B tumours","volume":"20","author":"Craze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0038-5","article-title":"The multifunctional solute carrier 3A2 (SLC3A2) confers a poor prognosis in the highly proliferative breast cancer subtypes","volume":"118","author":"Craze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.12.006","article-title":"Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism: A targeting strategy in cancer therapy","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S82433","article-title":"Positive correlation between expression level of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase and breast cancer grade","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.5112","article-title":"Prognostic and therapeutic value of mitochondrial serine hydroxyl-methyltransferase 2 as a breast cancer biomarker","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"3405","article-title":"SHMT2 promotes tumor growth through VEGF and MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-021-00264-7","article-title":"The prognostic and therapeutic implications of distinct patterns of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) and arginase-2 (ARG2) expression by cancer cells and tumor stroma in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Giatromanolaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Metab."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2334","article-title":"SLC1A5 Mediates Glutamine Transport Required for Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Survival","volume":"19","author":"Hassanein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29535","article-title":"Targeting SLC1a5-mediated glutamine dependence in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"137","author":"Hassanein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.88","article-title":"ASC amino-acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) as a novel prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"110","author":"Shimizu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Clinical significance of coexpression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and ASC amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Yazawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2009.05.020","article-title":"LAT1 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: Analyses by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (237 cases) and immunohistochemistry (295 cases)","volume":"68","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2009.03300.x","article-title":"L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression is a prognostic marker in patients with surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"54","author":"Imai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, D., An, M., Wen, G., Xing, Y., and Xia, P. (2022). Both In Situ and Circulating SLC3A2 Could Be Used as Prognostic Markers for Human Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215191"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15760","article-title":"SLC3A2 promotes tumor-associated macrophage polarization through metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Tian, C., Cao, Y., Zhao, M., and Wang, K. (2023). The role of serine metabolism in lung cancer: From oncogenesis to tumor treatment. Front. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1084609"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2016.08.003","article-title":"High Expression of PHGDH Predicts Poor Prognosis in Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.067","article-title":"PHGDH Defines a Metabolic Subtype in Lung Adenocarcinomas with Poor Prognosis","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1525","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.482","article-title":"SHMT1 knockdown induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells by causing uracil misincorporation","volume":"5","author":"Paone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5469","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6469","article-title":"Integrated Omic analysis of lung cancer reveals metabolism proteome signatures with prognostic impact","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1291-5","article-title":"Glutaminase 1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is induced by hypoxia and required for tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic colonization","volume":"10","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","first-page":"2934","article-title":"Intratumoral heterogeneity of glutaminase and lactate dehydrogenase A protein expression in colorectal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Mizuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1481-9","article-title":"SOX12 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating asparagine synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_209","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Expression of glutaminase is upregulated in colorectal cancer and of clinical significance","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0500-6","article-title":"Glutamate dehydrogenase is a novel prognostic marker and predicts metastases in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17352","article-title":"MIF\/SCL3A2 depletion inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via the AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway and cell iron death","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toda, K., Nishikawa, G., Iwamoto, M., Itatani, Y., Takahashi, R., Sakai, Y., and Kawada, K. (2017). Clinical Role of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081632"},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"6006","article-title":"Upregulated SLC1A5 promotes cell growth and survival in colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31274","article-title":"Inhibition of SLC1A5 sensitizes colorectal cancer to cetuximab","volume":"142","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogawa, M., Tanaka, A., Maekawa, M., Namba, K., Otani, Y., Shia, J., Wang, J.Y., and Roehrl, M.H. (2024). Protein expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 in tumor tissue is prognostic in early-stage colorectal cancer. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298362"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00753-3","article-title":"The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 is required for efficient growth of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer","volume":"53","author":"Najumudeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167874","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.167874","article-title":"SLC25A21 downregulation promotes KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer progression by increasing glutamine anaplerosis","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Iaconisi, G.N., Di Molfetta, D., Coppola, V., Caponio, A., Singh, A., Bibi, A., Capobianco, L., Palmieri, L., and Dolce, V. (2025). The Role of Mitochondrial Solute Carriers SLC25 in Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010092"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J.B., Li, X.J., Liu, H., Liu, Y.J., and Liu, X.P. (2023). Association of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with clinicopathological features, prognosis and ring finger protein 215 expression in patients with colorectal cancer. Biomed. Rep., 19.","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2023.1686"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2019.01.10","article-title":"Concomitant KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Midthun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Su, K., Liu, Q., Li, B., Wang, Y., Cheng, C., Li, Y., Xu, C., Chen, J., and Wu, H. (2023). Kidney-type glutaminase is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study. BMC Cancer, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11601-y"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7619","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3196","article-title":"Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) is a biomarker for pathologic diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1862","article-title":"Glutaminase 2 negatively regulates the PI3K\/AKT signaling and shows tumor suppression activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.64195","article-title":"Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 mediated glutaminolysis sustains HCC cells survival under glucose deprivation","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2023.102248","article-title":"Glutamine synthetase and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13433","article-title":"Glutamine synthetase promotes tumor invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma through mediating epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.293","article-title":"Asparagine synthetase is an independent predictor of surgical survival and a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S382161","article-title":"Spotlight on GOT2 in Cancer Metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Kerk","year":"2023","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-0042","article-title":"GOT2 Silencing Promotes Reprogramming of Glutamine Metabolism and Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Glutaminase Inhibitors","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0861-5","article-title":"The impact of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Su, S., Lun, Z., Zhong, Z., Yu, W., He, G., Wang, Q., Wang, J., and Huang, S. (2022). Ferroptosis regulator SLC7A11 is a prognostic marker and correlated with PD-L1 and immune cell infiltration in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Mol. Biosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1012505"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32062","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2-Induced Elevation of Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Up-regulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Colony-Stimulating Factor 1","volume":"74","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2017-0540","article-title":"Overexpression of SLC7A11: A novel oncogene and an indicator of unfavorable prognosis for liver carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4906","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-20-2246","article-title":"Glutaminase 2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-190022","article-title":"Glutamate dehydrogenase inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer through the Notch signaling pathway","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354211045349","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354211045349","article-title":"Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Improves the Efficacy of Cetuximab on Gastric Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-2605-9","article-title":"Targeting of glutamine transporter ASCT2 and glutamine synthetase suppresses gastric cancer cell growth","volume":"144","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-023-03200-5","article-title":"Abnormal arginine synthesis confers worse prognosis in patients with middle third gastric cancer","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700094r","article-title":"Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 contributes to gastric cancer invasion and progression by modulating autophagy","volume":"32","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1342","article-title":"Downregulation of L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression inhibits the growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2011.02650.x","article-title":"High expression of L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in gastric carcinomas: Comparison with non-cancerous lesions","volume":"61","author":"Ichinoe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154646","article-title":"SLC7A11 promotes the progression of gastric cancer and regulates ferroptosis through PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"248","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, A., and Blanco, G. (2017). Lipid Metabolism. Medical Biochemistry, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803550-4.00015-X"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100933","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in colon cancer: Role of Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1)","volume":"78","author":"Piccinin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath, A., Li, I., Roberts, L.R., and Chan, C. (2015). Elevated free fatty acid uptake via CD36 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14752"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaffar, S., and Aathirah, A.S. (2023). Fatty-Acid-Binding Proteins: From Lipid Transporters to Disease Biomarkers. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121753"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., Lee, Y., and Koo, J.S. (2015). Differential expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins in different breast cancer subtypes. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119473"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, Y.Y., Kim, H.M., and Koo, J.S. (2015). Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Proteins in Metastatic Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137204"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10381","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2345-7","article-title":"Expression of metabolism-related proteins in invasive lobular carcinoma: Comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834016644156","article-title":"Differences between invasive lobular and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: Results and therapeutic implications","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_251","first-page":"254","article-title":"Expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins in breast phyllodes tumors","volume":"63","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7805","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S215039","article-title":"Phyllodes tumor of the breast: Diagnosis, management and outcome during a 10-year experience","volume":"11","author":"Ditsatham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14988","article-title":"An AKT\/PRMT5\/SREBP1 axis in lung adenocarcinoma regulates de novo lipogenesis and tumor growth","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1021\/pr4002096","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomics Profiling of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumors Reveals Functional Perturbations in Tumor Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Pernemalm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Nenkov, M., Berndt, A., Abubrig, M., Schmidt, M., Sandhaus, T., Huber, O., Clement, J.H., Lang, S.M., and Chen, Y. (2024). The Diagnostic Value of ACSL1, ACSL4, and ACSL5 and the Clinical Potential of an ACSL Inhibitor in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16061170"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05926-w","article-title":"Proteomic profiling reveals the significance of lipid metabolism in small cell lung cancer recurrence and metastasis","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1391-9","article-title":"ACLY facilitates colon cancer cell metastasis by CTNNB1","volume":"38","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03833-2","article-title":"IGF1-mediated HOXA13 overexpression promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through upregulating ACLY and IGF1R","volume":"12","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, J.A., Chen, R., Xu, M., Comerford, S.A., Hammer, R.E., Melton, S.D., and Feagins, L.A. (2023). Acss2\/HIF-2 signaling facilitates colon cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282223"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S199369","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase enhances colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via regulating AMPK\/mTOR pathway","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.711","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase regulates invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18891","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3783","article-title":"Increased expression of fatty acid synthase provides a survival advantage to colorectal cancer cells via upregulation of cellular respiration","volume":"6","author":"Zaytseva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.06.020","article-title":"Inhibition of de novo Palmitate Synthesis by Fatty Acid Synthase Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells by Remodeling Cell Membranes, Inhibiting Signaling Pathways, and Reprogramming Gene Expression","volume":"2","author":"Ventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-4057","article-title":"Inhibition of fatty acid synthase attenuates CD44-associated signaling and reduces metastasis in colorectal cancer","volume":"72","author":"Zaytseva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1510-8","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels in serum of colorectal cancer patients: Correlation with clinical outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38719","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5340","article-title":"A link between lipid metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition provides a target for colon cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"Vargas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2016.09.002","article-title":"Low acyl-CoA synthetase 5 expression in colorectal carcinomas is prognostic for early tumour recurrence","volume":"213","author":"Hartmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2000366","article-title":"High expression of FABP4 in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1714-5","article-title":"High expression of FABP4 and FABP6 in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3484","article-title":"Expression and roles of fatty acid synthase in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2020.05.010","article-title":"ATP-citrate lyase regulates stemness and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1511","article-title":"FABP4 suppresses proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and predicts a poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgab025","article-title":"Serum fatty acid-binding protein 5 is a significant factor in hepatocellular carcinoma progression independent of tissue expression level","volume":"42","author":"Ohira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6275","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S181555","article-title":"Altered epidermal fatty acid-binding protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts unfavorable outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ndiaye, H., Liu, J.Y., Hall, A., Minogue, S., Morgan, M.Y., and Waugh, M.G. (2020). Immunohistochemical staining reveals differential expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic gastrointestinal metastases. Biosci. Rep., 40.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200219"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.12.019","article-title":"ACSL4 reprograms fatty acid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma via c-Myc\/SREBP1 pathway","volume":"502","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Zuo, Z., Sun, X., Li, X., Yin, F., and Yin, W. (2024). ACSL4 promotes malignant progression of Hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting PAK2 transcription. Biochem. Pharmacol., 224.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116206"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03222-5","article-title":"The prognostic role of ACSL4 in postoperative adjuvant TACE-treated HCC: Implications for therapeutic response and mechanistic insights","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-020-0226-z","article-title":"ACSL4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via c-Myc stability mediated by ERK\/FBW7\/c-Myc axis","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0439-x","article-title":"ACSL4 is a predictive biomarker of sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7124","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15057124","article-title":"SREBP-1 has a prognostic role and contributes to invasion and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.11.008","article-title":"Novel biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0399-1","article-title":"SLC27A5 deficiency activates NRF2\/TXNRD1 pathway by increased lipid peroxidation in HCC","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Qiao, Y., Sun, H., Chang, H., Zhao, H., Zhang, S., and Shan, C. (2022). Decreased SLC27A5 Suppresses Lipid Synthesis and Tyrosine Metabolism to Activate the Cell Cycle in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020234"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6851","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.16.6851","article-title":"Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase Negatively Correlates with PTEN and Predicts Peritoneal Dissemination of Human Gastric Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Xiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3609","article-title":"A concordant expression pattern of fatty acid synthase and membranous human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 exists in gastric cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4902","article-title":"Overexpression of fatty acid synthase predicts a poor prognosis for human gastric cancer","volume":"13","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.727","article-title":"High overexpression of fatty acid synthase is associated with poor survival in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.1793","article-title":"Elevated levels of serum fatty acid synthase in patients with gastric carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2023.2286805","article-title":"ACLY promotes gastric tumorigenesis and accelerates peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer regulated by HIF-1A","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_291","first-page":"7855","article-title":"ATP citrate lyase expression is associated with advanced stage and prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Qian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Wang, W., and Deng, W. (2024). Role of ATP citrate lyase and its complementary partner on fatty acid synthesis in gastric cancer. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81448-1"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1049-7","article-title":"CD36 mediates palmitate acid-induced metastasis of gastric cancer via AKT\/GSK-3beta\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"38","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12465-5","article-title":"Hypoxia-Induced CD36 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis via Fatty Acid Uptake","volume":"30","author":"Aoki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15374","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103598","article-title":"Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) facilitates the growth and anti-ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells and predicts poor prognosis of gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.83012","article-title":"SDPR Inhibits TGF-\u03b2 Induced Cancer Metastasis Through Fatty Acid Oxidation Regulation in Gastric Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-023-02935-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer cell-originated small extracellular vesicle induces metabolic reprogramming of BM-MSCs through ERK-PPAR\u03b3-CPT1A signaling to potentiate lymphatic metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0015-7","article-title":"Increased expression of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein is an independent prognostic factor for human gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis","volume":"31","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12583","article-title":"Leptin-mediated suppression of lipoprotein lipase cleavage enhances lipid uptake and facilitates lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer","volume":"44","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2020.599","article-title":"Associations of Serum Lipid Level with Gastric Cancer Risk, Pathology, and Prognosis","volume":"53","author":"Pih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-19-0895","article-title":"PPAR\u03b4 Interacts with the Hippo Coactivator YAP1 to Promote SOX9 Expression and Gastric Cancer Progression","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3874","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is essential in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12455","article-title":"Current Status of Companion and Complementary Diagnostics: Strategic Considerations for Development and Launch","volume":"10","author":"Scheerens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2023.08.008","article-title":"Necessity of strengthening the current clinical regulatory for companion diagnostics: An institutional comparison of the FDA, EMA, and MFDS","volume":"30","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7335","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16762","article-title":"Serum tumour M2-pyruvate kinase as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-160482","article-title":"Plasma TuM2-PK correlates with tumor size, CRP and CA 15-3 in metastatic breast carcinomas; short versus long term follow up study of the Egyptian breast cancer patients","volume":"20","author":"Zaky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9481-x","article-title":"Current status of tumor M2 pyruvate kinase (tumor M2-PK) as a biomarker of gastrointestinal malignancy","volume":"14","author":"Hathurusinghe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-018-1360-3","article-title":"Evaluation of tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (Tumor M2-PK) as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer","volume":"16","author":"Bandara","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2020.08.27","article-title":"The Use of M2-Pyruvate Kinase as a Stool Biomarker for Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Comparative Study","volume":"36","author":"Zahari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602033","article-title":"Faecal tumour M2 pyruvate kinase: A new, sensitive screening tool for colorectal cancer","volume":"91","author":"Hardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130776","article-title":"Metastatic Melanoma: Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and CT Imaging Findings of Tumor Devascularization Allow Accurate Prediction of Survival in Patients Treated with Bevacizumab","volume":"270","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_312","first-page":"85","article-title":"Serum LDH activity in lymphomas: Prognostic Significance and Relationship to Presentation, Stage and Histologic Type","volume":"14","author":"Shamoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zanco J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_313","first-page":"189","article-title":"The utility of lactate dehydrogenase in the follow up of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"William","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter."},{"key":"ref_314","first-page":"46","article-title":"Correlation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile with outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab or cediranib: Retrospective analysis of the HORIZON I study","volume":"13","author":"Bar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Color. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rry107","article-title":"Serum lactate dehydrogenase predicts survival in small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases that were treated with whole-brain radiotherapy","volume":"60","author":"Anami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2024","article-title":"Pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase may predict outcome of advanced non small-cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103117","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21602","article-title":"Predictive clinical parameters for the response of nivolumab in pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Oya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.21037\/cco-24-17","article-title":"Therapeutic inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma and cholangiocarcinoma: New insights and promises-a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Melaccio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0460","article-title":"Circulating Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate as a Potential Biomarker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1\/2) Mutant Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2022.100430","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of 2-hydroxyglutarate as a biomarker in IDH-mutant chondrosarcoma","volume":"34","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bone Oncol."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02088-y","article-title":"IDH1-mutant metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate inhibits proliferation and sensitizes glioma to temozolomide via down-regulating ITGB4\/PI3K\/AKT","volume":"10","author":"Tong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11938","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV119.007624","article-title":"Metabolite sensing and signaling in cancer","volume":"295","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30157-1","article-title":"Ivosidenib in IDH1-mutant, chemotherapy-refractory cholangiocarcinoma (ClarIDHy): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"21","author":"Macarulla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1915765","article-title":"Ivosidenib for the treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutant cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Corrigan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Yang, H., Li, X., Ji, X., Mo, C., Zheng, Z., Xu, Y., and Xiong, D. (2025). Circulating tumor DNA laboratory processes and clinical applications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1520733"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H., Pan, M., Zhou, Z., Chen, C., Xing, X., Cheng, S., Zhang, S., Zheng, H., and Qian, K. (2024). The impact of preanalytical variables on the analysis of cell-free DNA from blood and urine samples. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1385041"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.0389","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline for Blood-based Circulating Tumor DNA Assays","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.127460","article-title":"Spatial metabolomics platform combining mass spectrometry imaging and in-depth chemical characterization with capillary electrophoresis","volume":"286","author":"Mavroudakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saunders, K.D.G., Lewis, H.-M., Beste, D.J.V., Cexus, O., and Bailey, M.J. (2023). Spatial single cell metabolomics: Current challenges and future developments. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 75.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2023.102327"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00646","article-title":"Recent Developments in Single-Cell Metabolomics by Mass Spectrometry\u2500A Perspective","volume":"24","author":"Petrova","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC02298B","article-title":"Metabolomics studies of cell-cell interactions using single cell mass spectrometry combined with fluorescence microscopy","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01380-0","article-title":"To metabolomics and beyond: A technological portfolio to investigate cancer metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Danzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.04.029","article-title":"Molecular Profiling Provides Clinical Insights Into Targeted and Immunotherapies as Well as Colorectal Cancer Prognosis","volume":"165","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/10\/1376\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:44:26Z","timestamp":1759135466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/10\/1376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"references-count":333,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15101376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15101376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]}}}