{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:59:48Z","timestamp":1771635588608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["57561808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57561808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work reports the bioguided isolation of constituents from the ethanol extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark, their identification by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS identification, and the in silico prediction of the pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters. The crude extract, along with its n-hexane and alkaloid-rich fractions, displayed moderate to good antiplasmodial activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and multidrug-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 values ranging from 6.54 to 43.54 \u00b5g\/mL. Seventeen steroidal alkaloids (1\u201317) were identified in the most active fraction using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS, based on their fragmentation patterns and analysis with the Structural Similarity Network Annotation Platform for Mass Spectrometry (SNAP-MS). Furthermore, bioguided isolation of the ethanol extract yielded twenty-one compounds (3, 5, 10, 14\u201316, 18\u201331), whose structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among them, compounds 5, 14, and 27 showed the highest potency against the two strains of P. falciparum, with IC50 values between 25.97 and 55.78 \u00b5M. In addition, the in silico prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-likeness using the SwissADME web tool indicated that most of the evaluated compounds (1, 3\u20135, and 14\u201316) complied with Lipinski\u2019s rule of five.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15101415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T08:10:51Z","timestamp":1759738251000},"page":"1415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["UHPLC-QTOF-ESI-MS\/MS, SNAP-MS Identification, In Silico Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Properties of Constituents from the Stem Bark of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) T. Durand and Schinz (Apocynaceae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9292-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck Landry","family":"Djila Possi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mc Jesus","family":"Kinyok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Eric","family":"Mbasso Tameko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel Youssouf","family":"G. Mountessou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanne Kevine","family":"Jumeta Dongmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariscal Brice","family":"Tchatat Tali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9643-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Appolinaire","family":"Kene Dongmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3147-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Fekam Boyom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8483-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Jules","family":"Kezetas Bankeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0309-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Sewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Rodolphe","family":"Chouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9095-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Ndjakou Lenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 47, Cameroon"},{"name":"Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023). World Malaria Report, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2024). 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