{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:11:50Z","timestamp":1778260310503,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL148443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL148443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL135000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL135000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19TPA34850094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19TPA34850094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, and Diabetes and Obesity Research Priority Area, University of Kentucky"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates a wide range of processes in the heart, from contractility and excitability to energy supply and cell growth. Consequently, Ca2+ signaling plays a critical role in cardiac adaptation to both physiological and pathophysiological stress. This review examines the role of Ca2+ signaling in the heart\u2019s physiological adaptation to pregnancy and its pathological maladaptation in diabetes. We focus on Ca2+-dependent mechanisms involved in hypertrophy, energy imbalance, and electrical remodeling in these two conditions, highlighting shared signaling pathways, functional outcomes, and key knowledge gaps. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could reveal novel therapeutic targets to improve cardiac health in pregnancy and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15101421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:05:36Z","timestamp":1759824336000},"page":"1421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Adaptation to Stress: Focus on Pregnancy and Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sathya","family":"Velmurugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanda","family":"Despa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310230","article-title":"Calcium and Excitation-Contraction Coupling in the Heart","volume":"121","author":"Eisner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. 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