{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:10:48Z","timestamp":1760037048806,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["760063\/23.05.2023","CF93\/15.11.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760063\/23.05.2023","CF93\/15.11.2022"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Academy","award":["760063\/23.05.2023","CF93\/15.11.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760063\/23.05.2023","CF93\/15.11.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The present study investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), on atherosclerosis-associated cardiac hypertrophy. (2) Methodology: The experiments were performed on hamsters divided into the following groups: control (C) fed with a standard diet; hypertensive\u2013hyperlipidemic (HH) generated by combining a diet enriched with 3% cholesterol, 15% butter, and by gavage with 8% NaCl on a daily basis; HH groups injected with EVs (ADSCs) or EVs (BMMSCs), either transfected with Smad2\/3 siRNAs or not (HH-EVs (ADSCs), HH-EVs (BMMSCs), HH-EVs (ADSCs) + Smad2\/3siRNA, HH-EVs (BMMSCs) + Smad2\/3siRNA); and HH group injected with Smad2\/3 siRNAs (HH-Smad2\/3siRNA). (3) Results: In comparison with the HH group, the findings demonstrated that treatment using EVs (ADSCs or BMMSCs), either with or without Smad2\/3 siRNAs, resulted in several significant improvements in the following aspects: the plasma levels of cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, TGF-\u03b21, and Ang II were decreased; the left ventricular structure and function were recovered; inflammatory markers, ROS, COL1A, \u03b1-SMA, Cx43, MIF, ANF, and M1\/M2 macrophages, were reduced; the level of key protein NF-\u03baB p50 was diminished. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in atherosclerosis-associated cardiac hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15101424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:48:30Z","timestamp":1759852110000},"page":"1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innovative Therapy with Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Cardiac Hypertrophy in an Animal Model of Atherosclerosis; Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Repair Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"V\u00eelcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana Karla","family":"Comari\u021ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6411-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Alexandru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miruna","family":"Nemecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florentina","family":"Safciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4737-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florina","family":"Bojin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virgil","family":"P\u0103unescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4945-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u2018Nicolae Simionescu\u2019 of Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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