{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:39:58Z","timestamp":1761655198575,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with increasing global prevalence. As early diagnosis becomes critical for timely symptomatic management, noninvasive and easily accessible biomarkers are needed. Given the shared embryologic origins between the eye and the brain, ocular imaging has emerged as a promising diagnostic technique. This review summarizes the associations between AD, ocular imaging and fluid biomarkers in the anterior and posterior segment. We also describe the underlying pathophysiology that explains the connections between each ocular structure and the brain in the context of AD. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and fundus photography are the most common imaging modalities utilized in AD research. However, these techniques may or may not be feasible in primary care or neurologic clinical settings. Compared to plasma biomarker analysis, which is minimally invasive and nearing clinical implementation, ocular biomarkers remain primarily valuable in research investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15111519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T11:47:19Z","timestamp":1761652039000},"page":"1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Using Ocular Tissue and Imaging: What Do We Know?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0596-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minali","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manju L.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00526-0","article-title":"Potential Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Their Roles in Artificial Intelligence Studies","volume":"12","author":"Chaitanuwong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. 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