{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1764154992624,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Severo Ochoa Program","award":["PA-21-PF-BP20-122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-21-PF-BP20-122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The carotid body is a peripheral chemoreceptor that consists of clusters of chemoreceptive type I cells, glia-like type II cells, afferent and efferent nerves, and sinusoidal capillaries and arterioles. Cells and nerves communicate through reciprocal chemical synapses and electrical coupling that form a \u201ctripartite synapse,\u201d which allows for the process of sensory stimuli within the carotid body involving neurotransmission, autocrine, and paracrine pathways. In this network there are a variety of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators including adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate (ATP). Carotid body cells and nerve fibre terminals express ATP receptors, i.e., purinergic receptors. Here we used double immunofluorescence associated with laser confocal microscopy to detect the ATP receptor P2X7 and pannexin 1 (an ATP permeable channel) in the human carotid body, as well as the petrosal and cervical sympathetic ganglia. Immunofluorescence for P2X7r and pannexin 1 forms a broad cellular network within the glomeruli of the carotid body, whose pattern corresponds to that of type II cells. Moreover, both P2X7r and pannexin 1 were also detected in nerve profiles. In the petrosal ganglion, the distribution of P2X7r was restricted to satellite glial cells, whereas in the cervical sympathetic ganglion, P2X7r was found in neurons and glial satellite cells. The role of this purinergic receptor in the carotid body, if any, remains to be elucidated, but it probably provides new evidence for gliotransmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15111523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:38:22Z","timestamp":1761759502000},"page":"1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Type II Cells in the Human Carotid Body Display P2X7 Receptor and Pannexin-1 Immunoreactivity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marcos","family":"Anache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Master ENDORE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Master ENDORE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Cuendias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2758-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graciela","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elda","family":"Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias Vithas, 28010 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda y Especialidades M\u00e9dico-Quir\u00fargicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Asturiano de Odontolog\u00eda, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1689-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Suazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00edn-Cruces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Master ENDORE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1442-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00399.x","article-title":"Peripheral chemoreceptors: Function and plasticity of the carotid body","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2019","article-title":"Carotid body chemoreceptors: Physiology, pathology, and implications for health and disease","volume":"101","author":"Iturriaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.4.829","article-title":"Carotid body chemoreceptors: From natural stimuli to sensory discharges","volume":"74","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01098781","article-title":"The innervation of glomus cells, ganglion cells and blood vessels in the rat carotid body: A quantitative ultrastructural analysis","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2015.11.009","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the human carotid body (glomus caroticum): Features of its detailed topography, syntopy and morphology","volume":"204","author":"Schulz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"105","article-title":"Peripheral chemoreceptors: Structure\u2013function relationships of the carotid body","volume":"Volume 17","author":"Hornbein","year":"1981","journal-title":"Regulation of Breathing (Lung Biology in Health and Disease)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10196","article-title":"Are there gap junctions between chief (glomus, type I) cells in the carotid body chemoreceptor? A review","volume":"59","author":"Kondo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.01.013","article-title":"Electrical synapses in the carotid body nerve complex","volume":"157","author":"Eyzaguirre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2022.2079681","article-title":"Intracarotid body intercellular communication","volume":"53","author":"Argent","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. N. Z."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.269829","article-title":"Synaptic and paracrine mechanisms at carotid body arterial chemoreceptors","volume":"592","author":"Nurse","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2012.09.006","article-title":"Signal processing at mammalian carotid body chemoreceptors","volume":"24","author":"Nurse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.05.007","article-title":"Neurotransmission in the carotid body: Transmitters and modulators between glomus cells and petrosal ganglion nerve terminals","volume":"47","author":"Iturriaga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2005.04.008","article-title":"Neurotransmission and neuromodulation in the chemosensory carotid body","volume":"120","author":"Nurse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.049312","article-title":"Neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory mechanisms at peripheral arterial chemoreceptors","volume":"95","author":"Nurse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.234377","article-title":"Expanding role of ATP as a versatile messenger at carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors","volume":"591","author":"Piskuric","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02978.x","article-title":"ATP inhibits the hypoxia response in type I cells of rat carotid bodies","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L910","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00414.2003","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor modulation of carotid body type I cell intracellular calcium in developing rats","volume":"288","author":"Carroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am.  J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00143.x","article-title":"Corelease of ATP and ACh mediates hypoxic signalling at rat carotid body chemoreceptors","volume":"525","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4173","article-title":"Purinergic receptors in the carotid body as a new drug target for controlling hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Pijacka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-016-1458-z","article-title":"Three-dimensional architectures of P2X2\/P2X3-immunoreactive afferent nerve terminals in the rat carotid body as revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"146","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.07.081","article-title":"Detection of hypoxiaevoked ATP release from chemoreceptor cells of the rat carotid body","volume":"322","author":"Buttigieg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/377428a0","article-title":"A P2X purinoceptor expressed by a subset of sensory neurons","volume":"377","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012836","article-title":"Expression of P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits in rat carotid body afferent neurons: Role in chemosensory signalling","volume":"537","author":"Prasad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.  Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.072058","article-title":"Purinergic stimulation of carotid body efferent glossopharyngeal neurons increases intracellular Ca2+ and nitric oxide production","volume":"98","author":"Lowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.039735","article-title":"ATP triggers intracellular Ca2+ release in type II cells of the rat carotid body","volume":"549","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1139\/y2012-054","article-title":"Autocrine and paracrine actions of ATP in rat carotid body","volume":"90","author":"Tse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.229468","article-title":"Effects of chemostimuli on [Ca2+]i responses of rat aortic body type I cells and endogenous local neurons: Comparison with carotid body cells","volume":"590","author":"Piskuric","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.236265","article-title":"P2Y2 receptor activation opens pannexin1 channels in rat carotid body type II cells: Potential role in amplifying the neurotransmitter ATP","volume":"590","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273473","article-title":"Evidence that 5HT stimulates intracellular Ca2+ signalling and activates pannexin1 currents in type II cells of the rat carotid body","volume":"595","author":"Murali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taruno, A. (2018). ATP release channels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030808"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00142.2017","article-title":"Role of gliallike type II cells as paracrine modulators of carotid body chemoreception","volume":"50","author":"Nurse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271494","article-title":"Purinergic signalling mediates bidirectional crosstalk between chemoreceptor type I and gliallike type II cells of the rat carotid body","volume":"594","author":"Murali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32371-3_20","article-title":"The Carotid Body \u201cTripartite Synapse\u201d: Role of gliotransmission","volume":"1427","author":"Leonard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9482","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1672-06.2006","article-title":"Expression of multiple P2X receptors by glossopharyngeal neurons projecting to rat carotid body O2-chemoreceptors: Role in nitric oxide-mediated efferent inhibition","volume":"26","author":"Campanucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11890","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0698-12.2012","article-title":"Differential expression and pharmacology of native P2X receptors in rat and primate sensory neurons","volume":"32","author":"Serrano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16773","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801793105","article-title":"Activation of P2X7 receptors in glial satellite cells reduces pain through downregulation of P2X3 receptors in nociceptive neurons","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002556","article-title":"Purinergic signaling between neurons and satellite glial cells of mouse dorsal root ganglia modulates neuronal excitability in vivo","volume":"163","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13115","article-title":"The Pannexin1 membrane channel: Distinct conformations and functions","volume":"592","author":"Dahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.07.002","article-title":"Liaisons dangereuses: P2X(7) and the inflammasome","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crocetti, L., Guerrini, G., Giovannoni, M.P., Melani, F., Lamanna, S., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Lucarini, E., Ghelardini, C., Wang, J., and Dahl, G. (2022). New Panx1 blockers: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamic studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094827"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1177\/44.12.8985136","article-title":"Immunoelectron microscopic localization of vimentin in sustentacular cells of the carotid body and the adrenal medulla of guinea pigs","volume":"44","author":"Kameda","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.12.008","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of the rat carotid body","volume":"161","author":"Belzunegui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednezBarbero, G., Garc\u00edaMesa, Y., Cobo, R., Cuendias, P., Mart\u00ednBiedma, B., Garc\u00edaSu\u00e1rez, O., Feito, J., Cobo, T., and Vega, J.A. (2023). Acidsensing ion channels\u2019 immunoreactivity in nerve profiles and glomus cells of the human carotid body. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202311.1166.v1"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.01.002","article-title":"Is ATP a suitable co-transmitter in carotid body arterial chemoreceptors?","volume":"157","author":"Zapata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(04)40002-3","article-title":"Cellular distribution and functions of P2 receptor subtypes in different systems","volume":"240","author":"Burnstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114427","article-title":"Physiology of the carotid body: From molecules to disease","volume":"82","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard, E.M., Salman, S., and Nurse, C.A. (2018). Sensory processing and integration at the carotid body tripartite synapse: Neurotransmitter functions and effects of chronic hypoxia. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00225"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pegoraro, A., Grignolo, M., Ruo, L., Ricci, L., and Adinolfi, E. (2024). P2X7 variants in pathophysiology. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126673"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29107","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910277199","article-title":"The distribution of P2X receptor clusters on individual neurons in sympathetic ganglia and their redistribution on agonist activation","volume":"275","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-016-9518-3","article-title":"Long noncoding NONRATT021972 siRNA normalized abnormal sympathetic activity mediated by the upregulation of P2X7 receptor in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemia","volume":"12","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.01.017","article-title":"The biochemistry and function of pannexin channels","volume":"1828","author":"Penuela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA\u2013Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.06.035","article-title":"Gap junctions, pannexins and pain","volume":"695","author":"Spray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.07.009","article-title":"Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP","volume":"572","author":"Bao","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alba, E., Garc\u00eda-Mesa, Y., Cobo, R., Cuendias, P., Mart\u00edn-Cruces, J., Suazo, I., Mart\u00ednez-Barbero, G., Vega, J.A., Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez, O., and Cobo, T. (2025). Immunohistochemical detection of PIEZO ion channels in the human carotid sinus and carotid body. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030386"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/11\/1523\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:44:04Z","timestamp":1764153844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/11\/1523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15111523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15111523","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2218-273X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]}}}