{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:43:10Z","timestamp":1788176590648,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Core Research Programs of Changzhi Medical College","award":["HZZD202406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HZZD202406"]}]},{"name":"Changzhi Medical College PhD Research Start-up Fund Program","award":["BS202505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS202505"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi, STIP","award":["2025L079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025L079"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202203021212164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021212164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study elucidates the hepatoprotective mechanisms of heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino saponins (HGyp) against APAP-induced liver injury using serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. HGyp significantly mitigated liver damage in mice, as confirmed by biochemical and histopathological analyses. UPLC-MS identified 38 bioactive compounds, including 16 prototype saponins and 11 metabolites. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed damulin A\/B, gypenosides (L\/LI\/LVI\/XLVI), and ginsenosides (Rg3\/Rd) as key components targeting GRB2, FGF2, MMP2, STAT3, CASP3, and HSP90A. Western blotting confirmed the HGyp-mediated downregulation of hepatic HSP90A and STAT3. Metabolomics identified four critical pathways, PPAR, ferroptosis, and the inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels involved in hepatoprotection. HGyp exerts multi-target effects via anti-inflammatory activity, apoptosis, and metabolism, providing a framework for Chinese medicine and ethnomedicine research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15111555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T16:09:47Z","timestamp":1762358987000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Omics Reveals Active Components and Mechanisms of Heat-Processed Gypenosides Hepatoprotective Against APAP Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Department-Municipal Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Quality Enhancement and Utilization of Shangdang Chinese Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Department-Municipal Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Quality Enhancement and Utilization of Shangdang Chinese Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Department-Municipal Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Quality Enhancement and Utilization of Shangdang Chinese Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Department-Municipal Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Quality Enhancement and Utilization of Shangdang Chinese Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Department-Municipal Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Quality Enhancement and Utilization of Shangdang Chinese Medicinal Materials, School of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9130-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianglan","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399411002110","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying chemical liver injury","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert. 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